Pimples, whether they are full-fledged papular formations or comedones (blackheads), are a problem not only of an aesthetic, but also a physiological nature. They worsen the condition of the skin, contribute to the formation of scars (post-acne), and represent multiple foci of infection. There are many medications available to treat acne. Among the most effective of them is mash - a homemade or pharmaceutical remedy for topical use. The composition of the acne mash may change, but the general principles of its manufacture and use remain unchanged.
Chatterbox is a classic dosage form that comes from alternative medicine. In fact, it is a suspension based on alcohol, boric or salicylic acid, tinctures of medicinal plants. The active substance can be sulfur, antibiotics, zinc and other agents suitable for topical application. Depending on the components used, the product may have a white, gray, brown color and a different smell (alcohol, sulfur, medicinal).
The effect of the drug depends on the active ingredient used. Products containing sulfur are used to treat skin diseases; Antibiotics and antimicrobials are suitable for treating acne; zinc is a drying and healing agent. It must be remembered that talkers have only a weak surface effect. Therefore, they cannot be used as monotherapy for serious skin diseases.
The pharmacological effect of the mash depends on which active ingredient was added to it. The effectiveness of the dosage form in question is limited by the area of its application. The medicine does not have a systemic effect. The basis of the talker’s work is its ability to penetrate the surface layers of the skin. If the drug is used as a remedy for acne, chloramphenicol or other antimicrobial substance contained in it acts directly on the affected areas. In this case, the pathogenic microflora dies, the skin dries and regenerates.
Note: the use of mash is ineffective for acne caused by hormonal imbalances. It can eliminate existing pimples, but new ones will soon appear in their place. The dosage form can be used in combination with general therapy, but its use as an independent remedy is unjustified.
Despite the “telling” name, acne talker is used not only for the treatment of acne.
Treatment with this drug allows you to achieve the following effects:
- drying of the skin;
- decreased sebum secretion;
- reduction of inflammatory phenomena;
- skin surface regeneration;
- general healing and strengthening effect.
Based on the foregoing, it is possible to conclude that the mash is successfully used for increased secretion of the sebaceous glands, chronic foci of inflammation (including weeping), excessive moisture of the skin and its general poor condition.
It is worth noting that drugs in the form of a suspension are sometimes used to treat boils. This therapy is relevant for a single lesion. However, systemic furunculosis requires complex treatment. Chatter, even created with the addition of powerful antibiotics, is not suitable for this. Single boils are treated by regularly applying the drug to the sites of infection.
Indications
Allergy talker exhibits therapeutic activity in the following cases:
- Increased body temperature under the influence of an allergen;
- Rashes, urticaria;
- Itching, swelling, burning and stinging sensation;
- Allergenic headache;
- Inflammation of the cornea;
- Increased lacrimation in response to an allergen.
Such symptoms indicate the presence of allergens and the body’s immune response to them. If the allergen does not respond to antihistamines, allergy talker ointments or treatment solutions can be prescribed directly by a dermatologist.
Contraindications
Despite the proven effectiveness of the talker, its use may be limited in the following cases:
- The period of pregnancy and lactation, since the components of the drug can penetrate the placental barrier and be absorbed into breast milk, affecting the child.
- In case of individual intolerance to certain components.
- To determine tolerance, you need to smear a drop of mash on your wrist and monitor the reaction throughout the day.
- When taking anti-allergy drugs, the use of talker may be prohibited by a dermatologist, or an alternative action with a different composition will be offered.
Causes and symptoms
The disease is considered multifactorial and occurs in individuals with a hereditary predisposition to allergic manifestations against the background of exposure to provoking factors. The triggers for the disease are:
- creams, lotions and other skin care cosmetics,
- hygiene products (soap, gel, shampoo),
- some medications,
- unfavorable environmental conditions,
- fluff, feathers, animal hair, house dust,
- increased sweating,
- lack of vitamins and nutrients,
- contact irritants (wool and synthetic clothing),
- staphylococcal infection,
- dysbacteriosis,
- allergenic foods.
Atopic dermatitis begins with dilation of blood vessels and redness of the skin in the affected area. There is a feeling of dryness and itching. When a child scratches, he damages the skin, which causes microcracks to form. Due to constant itching, the baby becomes capricious, aggressive, nervous, sleeps and eats poorly.
The disease manifests itself in the form of rashes. Against the background of infection, pustules, vesicles and crusts appear, and sometimes weeping surfaces form. The localization of rashes in children with this form of dermatitis is the cheeks, skin folds, and areas behind the ears. After roughly tearing off the crusts as a result of scratching, scarring may remain on the skin.
Compound
The mash can be ointments or suspensions with a more liquid consistency. Such formulations are sold in pharmacies or can be prepared at home. The composition of the drug includes:
- Zinc Oxide Powder;
- White clay;
- Glycerol;
- Talc;
- Distillate;
- Starch.
Typically, when treating allergic dermatitis, these components do not cause violent reactions on the skin and are well tolerated. For severe burning and itching, add 5 ml of diphenhydramine to the mash.
SHAKENED DERMATOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS (CHATTERS)
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CHATTER CHATTER
ALCOHOL GLYCERINE
Shake mixtures are tiny powdery substances suspended in water; in water and glycerin; water, glycerin and ethyl alcohol. Shake the suspension thoroughly before use. The mash consists of 30 - 40% powdery substances (zinc oxide, talc, white clay, starch) and 60 - 70% liquid (water, water and glycerin, glycerin and alcohol). After the water evaporates, the powders applied to the skin remain on it in a thin layer; glycerin holds them on the skin for a long time. Alcohol helps accelerate the evaporation of water from the lesions. Other drugs can be added to this dosage form: ichthyol, menthol, anesthesin, tar, sulfur.
Agitated suspensions can be water or oil.
Water mash is a convenient replacement for powders, since after the liquid phase evaporates and dries, the powdery substances are located on the skin in a thin, uniform layer and do not fall off for a longer period of time. This dosage form is also very convenient because it does not require a bandage, and the powder, remaining on the skin for several hours, provides the necessary therapeutic effect. Unlike powders, powders do not dry out the skin as much and last longer.
Oil mash (liniments) consist of zinc oxide (30%) and a liquid fat base - vegetable oils: sunflower, olive, peach or vaseline (70%).
Action. The effect of water mash is anti-inflammatory, drying, antipruritic; oil suspensions – anti-inflammatory, softening, exfoliating.
Application. For acute and subacute skin lesions without weeping (dermatitis, allergic rashes, etc.). Do not use chatterers when it is wet or on the scalp.
When standing, the powders in the shaker settle, so they should be stirred well before use. Shake suspensions are applied to the skin with a swab 1-2 times a day. The remains of the mash are removed with warm water or a swab with heated liquid oil.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS
| RECIPE Rp.: | INDICATIONS |
| Zinci oxydi 30.0 Olei Helianthi 70.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Oil chatter. Softens the skin, promotes the rejection of scales and crusts |
| Linnnenti zinci oxydi 100.0 DS Apply to affected skin 2 times a day | To prevent impetiginization, add 2% boric acid. 5% ichthyol. To enhance the anti-inflammatory effect - corticosteroids |
| Zinci oxydi Talci Amyli tritici Glycerini aa 10.0 Aq. destil. 60.0 MDS External. | Water bowl with glycerin |
| Zinci oxydi Talci Amyli tritici aa 30.0 Anaesthesini 10.0 Glycerini Sp. vini rectif. 96% aa 25.0 Aq. destil. ad 220.0 MDS External. Lubricate affected areas 2 times a day | Hydroalcoholic mash with anesthesin and glycerin |
| Zinci oxydi Talci aa 30.0 Glycerini Aq. destil. 55 70.0 MDS External. Shake thoroughly before use | Water-glycerin mash |
| Zinci oxydi Taici Amyli tritici a5 40.0 Glyccrini 40.0 Sp. vini 96% 50ml Aq. dcsllllatae ad 250.0 MDS External. Chatterbox. Lubricate affected areas 2 times a day | Hydroalcoholic mash with glycerin. Dries quickly and cools the skin. If necessary, you can add 5% sulfur, 5-10% anesthesin, 5-10% ichthyol, 1-2% menthol |
| Zinci oxydi Talci Glycerini Aq. destil. aa 25.0 MDS External. Shake thoroughly before use | Water-glycerin mash |
AEROSOLS
Aerosols are a dispersed system consisting of a gaseous medium in which solid and liquid medications are suspended. Aerosols with a liquid dispersion medium are called sprays . The most important property of aerosols is the ability of solid or liquid particles to remain suspended. Depending on the particle size of the dispersion phase, aerosols are divided into highly, medium and low dispersed. They usually contain corticosteroids, antibiotics, antimycotics and are available in special sealed containers with a valve device.
Action . The mechanism of action is similar to shaken suspensions.
Application . Various degrees of skin inflammation, including those accompanied by weeping, pyoderma, mycoses, burns, frostbite, bedsores, etc.
Directions for use: Irrigate affected areas from a balloon 2-3 times a day.
Aerosols allow you to uniformly apply the drug to the surface being treated, significantly reduce its consumption, prevent crystallization and are more stable than other forms. They are convenient for the use of pharmacological agents in the area of folds, where the use of lotions, pastes, creams and ointments presents known difficulties. The aerosols are based on no fats, so they can be used by people intolerant to ointments and creams. They can also be applied to weeping, erosive and ulcerative lesions.
HEALING FOAM
This is a relatively new dosage form, which is a dispersed system with a gas dispersion phase and a liquid or solid dispersion medium. Gas-liquid systems are sometimes called gas emulsions. Foams are divided into low-stable (dynamic), rapidly degrading and highly stable, existing for several minutes and even hours.
In dermatology, foams containing corticosteroid hormones, which have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect, are often used. They are available in aerosol packaging. The surface action of aerosols causes a minimal effect of hormones on connective tissue, which avoids skin atrophy. Therapeutic foams also have a protective effect.
GELS
Gel (jelly) is a dispersed system with a liquid dispersion medium. It is a gelatinous mass capable of maintaining its shape, elasticity and plasticity. Gels with an aqueous dispersion medium are called hydrogels, and those with a hydrocarbon dispersion medium are called organogels. In dermatology, hydrogels are more often used - a colloidal dosage form, the mechanism of action is close to mash, and the consistency is similar to ointment, but free of fats.
WATER HYDROGEL HYDROPHILIC SUBSTANCE
DRUG SUBSTANCE
They are prepared from hydrophilic substances that swell in water to form colloidal systems - gelatin, gum arabic, agar-agar, tragacanth, starch, pectin, tylose, glycerin, etc.
Various medicinal substances can be added to the jelly-like mass. In particular, in the treatment of seborrhea in the form of a gel, 10% benzoyl peroxide, 0.01 - 0.025% isotretinoin are used, in the treatment of fungal diseases - 2% daktarin, 1% naphthinine, pyodermatitis - 2% fusidine sodium, rosacea - 1 - 2% gel with metronidazole, etc.
Action: hydrogels act predominantly superficially, cool the skin, reduce inflammation and itching. In terms of their physical effect, they are close to shaken mixtures, but unlike them they can be used for acute and subacute inflammation with slight weeping. Hydrogels do not fatten the skin and do not contribute to the formation of crusts. Due to their hydrophilicity, they are easily washed off with water and mixed with skin secretions. The gels are absorbed quite well, carrying pharmacological agents deep into the skin.
Application : in cases where the skin does not tolerate fats and an ointment base must be avoided (seborrhea, damage to the mucous membranes, intertriginous lesions of various etiologies).
PASTES
POWDERS PASTE FAT
Dermatological pastes consist of 50% indifferent powdery substances (zinc oxide, talc, white clay, starch, etc.) and 50% fat or fat-like substance (vaseline, lanolin, lard, etc.). Various medicinal substances can be included in pastes.
In terms of effect on the skin, the paste occupies an intermediate place between oil mash and ointments: due to the content of powdery substances, pastes differ from ointments in a denser consistency and more superficial action, and from powders and mash - in a longer and deeper effect on the skin.
Action . Anti-inflammatory, drying, cooling.
Application. For acute and subacute inflammation without weeping (dermatitis, herpes, subacute eczema, etc.). In case of chronic infiltrative inflammatory process (chronic eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), fatty pastes are prescribed, while increasing the content of fatty substances in the dosage form and regulating the content of active substances (salicylic, carbolic, benzoic acids, sulfur, tar, naphthalan, ichthyol, gelatin, ASD, etc.), you can get keratoplastic (reducing) or keratolytic (absorbing) effects. They are usually applied without a bandage 1-2 times a day, removed with a swab dipped in vegetable oil. Do not apply to the scalp or when wet. Pastes do not interfere with skin respiration.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL PASTES
| RECIPE Rp.: | INDICATIONS |
| Pastae Zinzi 40.0 DS Apply to lesions 2 times a day | Official zinc paste |
| Pastae Zinzi – naphthalani – вoratae 25.0 DS Apply to lesions 2 times a day | Official boron-zinc-naphthalan paste |
| Acidi salicylici 1.0 Zinzi oxidi Amili tritici aa 12.5 Vazelini ad 50.0 MDS Apply to lesions 1 – 2 times a day | Pasta Lassara |
| Naphthalani Zinzi oxidi Talci aa 15.0 ACD (3rd fraction) 3.0 Sol. Retinoli acetatis oleosae 3.44% 10.0 MDS Apply to lesions 1 – 2 times a day | Paste containing ASD (antiseptic Dorogov stimulant), naphthalan, vitamin A |
| Ung. Naphthalani 30% 20.0 Picis liquidae 5.0 Zinzi oxidi Amili tritici aa 10.0 MDS Apply to lesions once a day | Tar-naftalan paste |
| Novocaini Anaesthesini Dimedroli aa 0.7 Pastae Zinzi 30.0 MDS Apply to lesions 2 times a day | Antipruritic paste |
| ACD (3rd fraction) 10.0 Zinzi oxidi 30.0 Vaselini ad 100.0 MDS Apply to lesions 2 times a day | ASD paste with keratolytic action |
| Acidi borici Ol. Rusci aa 3.0 Pastae Zinzi 30.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions once a day | Borno – tar paste with keratolytic action |
| Ol. Helianthi Ol. Ricini aa 10.0 Picis Liquidae 2.0 Sol. Dimexidi 100% 1.0 Succus Plantaginis 4.0 T – rae Valerianae T – rae Calendulae T – rae Convallarinae majalis aa 2.0 Pastae Zinzi 67.0 MDS External, lubricate the lesions 2 times a day | Antipruritic and anti-inflammatory paste for the subacute stage of chronic allergic dermatoses |
CREAMS
Cream (emulsion, emulsion ointment) is a soft or liquid dosage form, which is based on a two-phase system consisting of two immiscible components - fat (oil) and water. The consistency of the liquid phase of the emulsion can vary from water to a thick gel, and the fat phase - from liquid to dense.
In most cases, to emulsify immiscible phases and make the created emulsion stable, it is necessary to introduce a third, intermediate phase into the system - an emulsifier.
The physical effect of the emulsion on the skin depends on the properties of the dispersion medium. Oil-in-water (O/W) systems are obtained by dispersing fat in an aqueous medium, resulting in the formation of liquid creams that are washed off with water. Water-in-oil (W/O) systems are formed as a result of the dispersion of water in a fatty medium, resulting in the formation of fatty creams, or cold creams, that are not washed off with water.
In an oil-in-water emulsion, fat droplets are dispersed throughout the liquid. Examples of natural emulsions of this type are milk and cream. The emulsion is used for acute-subacute inflammatory processes in the skin, when a cooling, anti-inflammatory, drying effect is necessary. Creams of the O/W type are well tolerated, easily absorbed, acceptable from a cosmetic point of view, since they practically do not fatten the skin, are washed off with water, however, they are ineffective for deep infiltrative lesions, they create a thin fatty layer on the surface of the skin, which is close in physical effect to natural water. - lipid film.
In fatty water-in-oil (W/O) creams, liquid droplets are distributed throughout the fat. Typical emulsions of this type are cow's milk and lanolin. Water-in-oil cream is used for severe dry skin, decreased elasticity and minor superficial inflammatory phenomena (subacute-chronic inflammation), and for disturbances in the keratinization process.
More often a cream is used, consisting of equal parts of lanolin (animal fat), petroleum jelly (or vegetable oil) and water.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR SOME CREAMS
| RECIPE Rp.: | INDICATIONS |
| Lanolini Ol.Persicorum Aq.destil. aa 50.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Unna cream |
| Triadimcinoloni 0.04 Zinci oxydi 3.0 Aq.destil. 7.0 Lanolini Ol. Helianthi aa 10.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 2 times a day | Triamcinolone cream |
| Dexazoni 0.01 Citrali 0.4 Lanolini 12.0 Aq. Destil. Sol. Retinoli acetatis Oleosae 8.6% aa 1.0 MDS Apply to facial skin 2 times a day | Cream for inflamed facial skin |
| Ureae purae 5.0 Lanolini 5.0 Ol. Persicorum 15.0 Ung. Solcoseryli 20.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Has a softening, epithelializing effect |
OINTMENTS
MEDICINAL OINTMENT FAT
SUBSTANCES
Ointments consist of a fatty base and medicinal substances evenly mixed with this base. Ointments have a deep effect on the skin, stop the skin from breathing, cause a slight increase in its temperature, loosening of the surface layers and dilation of blood vessels in the affected areas, due to which the active substances contained in this dosage form are absorbed. Yellow Vaseline and lanolin (equal parts), purified pork fat, and vegetable fats are used as a base. Ointment bases made from synthetic substances are increasingly used: polymers of ethylene oxides, cellulose derivatives, silicone, esters of sorbitan and higher fatty acids. Ointments with such a base penetrate the skin easier and deeper, do not oxidize, do not decompose, and are well tolerated.
Sulfur, tar, naphthalan, salicylic, lactic, benzoic acids, ichthyol, resorcinol, antibiotics, etc. are added to ointment bases.
Action. In small concentrations (up to 3%), for example, salicylic acid, resorcinol, introduced into the ointment base, cause a keratoplastic effect (exfoliating, epithelizing, anti-inflammatory, easily absorbable), in high concentrations (3 - 5% or more) - keratolytic (exfoliating , exfoliating, pronounced absorbable).
Application. For chronic, subacute inflammatory diseases, in the presence of a non-infectious inflammatory infiltrate in the skin and severe peeling (psoriasis, neurodermatitis, lichen planus, chronic eczema, ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis, etc.), in the treatment of fungal and parasitic skin diseases, to soften and for other purposes.
Ointments are used by:
1.Lubricating the skin - do it 1-2 times a day. The application of the ointment can be carried out either in a continuous or streak manner.
2. Rubbing – carried out less frequently, for example when treating scabies. Rubbing should be vigorous; a bandage should not be applied after this.
3. Ointment dressings - for this, the ointment is applied in an even layer on a piece of gauze, linen and tightly applied to the lesion, strengthening it with a bandage. In order to achieve a deeper effect of the ointment and enhance maceration of the epidermis, so-called occlusive ointment dressings are prepared. In this case, the gauze with ointment is covered with a layer of impenetrable material, oilcloth or waxed paper; in such conditions, the ointment acts on the principle of a compress and causes vigorous softening of crusts, horny layers, increased hyperemia and resorption of infiltrates.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR OINTMENTS USED IN DERMATOLOGY
keratoplasty ointments
| RECIPE Rp.: | INDICATIONS |
| Acidi salicylici 2.0 Vaselini ad 100.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Has an exfoliating, softening, anti-inflammatory effect |
| Acidi borici Olei Rusci aa 0.6 Vasclini 30.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Boron-tar ointment. Combines the keratoplastic effect of birch tar and the antiseptic effect of boric acid |
| Ichthyoli 2.5 Vasеliui Lanolim 55 50.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 1-2 times a day | Ichthyol (obtained from shale) - has anti-inflammatory and some antiseptic effects |
| Acidi salicylici Sulfuris pp aa 2.0 Vaselini Lanolini aa 48.0 MDS Lubricate the skin 2 times a day | Sulfur-salicylic ointment with keratoplastic action |
| Sulfuris pp Olei Rusci aa 2.0 Lanolini Vaselini aa 48.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 1-2 times a day | Sulfur-tar ointment with keratoplasty action |
| Ung.Zinci oxydi 50.0 MDS Lubricate affected areas 2 times a day | Official zinc ointment |
| Sulfuris pp. Zincioxydi aa 2.5 Vaaclini ad 50.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions once a day | Sulfur-zinc ointment with keratoplastic action |
| Acidi salicylici 2.0 Ung. Naphthalani 48.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 2 times a day | Salicylic-naphthalan ointment. Has an exfoliating, softening, absorbable, disinfectant effect |
| Hydrargyridichloridi 0.2 Acidi carbolici 4.0 Lanolmi Vasclini aa 50.0 Mf uog. DS Lubricate affected areas 1-2 times a day | Unna's ointment. For limited forms of lichen planus. Has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects |
| Emp. plunibi suiiplicis Vasclini ii 30.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 2 times a day | Diakhil ointment |
| Lanolmi Vasclini Aq. Calcis aa 20.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 2 times a day | Unna's cooling ointment. Calcium water can be replaced with distilled water or 2% boric acid solution |
| Sulfuris pp 1,? Naplithalani ad 30.0 MfUng. DS Lubricate affected areas 2 times a day | Sulfur-naphthalan ointment. Copybook L.N. Mashkilleyson |
| Acidi salicylici 0.6 Ichthyoli 0.9 Naphthalani ad 30.0 Mruog. DS Outdoor | The composition has an anti-inflammatory and exfoliating effect. Copybook by L.N. Mashkilleyson |
| Gelatmi aJbac 2.0 Aq. dcstil. 80.0 Glycerini Ziaci oxydi aa 30.0 Ainyliorysac 15.0 01. Helianthi 20.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions once a day | Drying base by A.B.Selissky Used for eczema with slight weeping, neurodermatitis |
| Ung. Acidi salicylici 5% 100.0 DS Lubricate the affected areas 2 times a day | Has a pronounced exfoliating and to a lesser extent absorbable effect |
| Acidi salicylici 5.0 Sulfuris pp. 20.0 Vaselini ad 100.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions once a day | Sulfur-salicylic ointment with keratolytic action |
| Ung. Naphthalani 30% 100.0 DS Lubricate the affected areas 2 times a day | It has a good absorbent effect. anti-inflammatory effect in infiltrative dermatoses |
| Picis liquidac Sulfuris pp. aa 10.0 Vasclini 80.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 1-2 times a day | Sulfur-tar ointment with keratolytic action |
| Picis liquidac 15.0 Calcii carbonatix pp. 10.0 Sulfurisdcpur 15.0 Ung. Naphthalani 30.0 Sapoilis viridis 30.0 Aq. dcslil. 4.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions 1 – 2 times a day | Wilkinson's ointment Used as an antifungal and antiparasitic agent |
| Ung. ACD (3 fr.) 30% 100.0 DS Lubricate affected areas 1-2 times a day | Ointment with ASD (antiseptic Dorogov stimulant) of keratolytic action |
| Acidi salicylic! 12.0 Acidi lactici 6.0 Vascliniad 100.0 MDS Lubricate the skin of the feet once a day | Arievich peeling ointment is used under a compress bandage to detach the stratum corneum for 48 hours. |
| Kalii iodati Lanolioi aa 50.0 MDS Apply to affected nails for 5 days | Ointment of Arabia. Used under a compress bandage to soften nails |
| Rcsorcini Ac. lactic Ac. salicylic! aa»l 5.0 Vascliniad 100.0 MDS Apply to nail beds for 48 hours | Andriasyan exfoliating ointment. Under a compress bandage |
LINIMMENT (liquid ointment)
A mixture of two or more immiscible and insoluble liquids. Typically, the basis of this dosage form is liquid oils; the use of emulsifiers is also necessary.
Liniments are divided into:
1. Emulsion (= creams) - for example, oil-calcium liniment, consisting of equal parts of linseed oil and calcium water. This form was used for burns and a number of inflammatory skin lesions, as it has an anti-inflammatory effect and moderately softens the skin, preventing overdrying.
2. Suspension - consist of immiscible liquids, an insoluble solid and an emulsifier.
3.Combined.
Liniments are intended for rubbing and rubbing.
BLADES
The plaster is a thick sticky mass made by fusing fats, such as lanolin or lard, with sealing substances - wax, ozokerite, rosin, resins, rubber, etc. Keratolytic concentrations of salicylic, lactic, benzoic, carbolic, acetic acid are introduced into the plaster and other acids, urea, iodine, lead oxide, etc.
FAT PLASTIC SEAL
DRUG SUBSTANCE
Most often, a simple lead plaster (Emplastrum Plumbi simplex) is used as a base, consisting of equal amounts of lead oxide, pork fat and sunflower oil with the addition of water in the amount necessary to form a homogeneous plastic mass, a complex lead plaster (Emplastrum Plumbi compositum), epiline plaster (Emplastrum epilini), mercury plaster (Emplastrum hydrargyri).
Action: active absorbable, peeling, loosening, disinfectant, fungicidal, depending on the substances introduced. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of an undesirable resorptive effect of these drugs.
Application: for limited hyperkeratosis (calluses, plantar warts, squamous-hyperkeratotic form of mycoses of the feet, verrucous form of lichen planus, limited neurodermatitis), trichomycosis, for the treatment of the nail bed with onychomycosis. Before use, the patch is heated, the lesion is wiped with alcohol (gasoline), and replaced once every 2–3 days.
LUCKY
Varnish is a volatile liquid dosage form, which is a solution of film-forming substances in organic solvents or water. Film formers are usually oligomers or polymers that, when applied to the surface of the skin, dry quickly and leave a thin, sticky transparent film that provides long-term contact with the skin of the pharmacological substance contained in it.
The varnish contains:
- collodion - a solution of nitrocellulose in ether and alcohol
- rosin - a solid component of the resin of coniferous trees
— polymer materials
- plasticizers (vegetable oils and glycerin)
- hardeners
— organic solvents (ethyl alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, dimexide, etc.
Action: Due to sealing and pressure exerted on the underlying skin, varnishes provide deep action and resorption of infiltrates, accelerate the penetration of drugs added to them into the skin.
Application: the varnish is used for the purpose of deep impact of potent pharmacological agents on limited hyperkeratotic and infiltrative skin lesions (for hypertrophic onychomycosis, calluses, warts). Varnishes with a bactericidal effect are also used as protective agents in the treatment of abrasions and small wounds. The advantage of varnishes is that they are easily applied to the skin, do not require bandages, do not smudge, do not stain clothes, are almost insoluble in water, and are convenient for use on an outpatient basis.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR SOME DERMATOLOGICAL VARNISHES
| RECIPE Rp.: | INDICATIONS |
| Ac. salicylici 12.0 Ac. lactici 6.0 Collodii elastici ad 100.0 MDS Lubricate the lesions once a day | Salicylic-lactic collodion. Varnish for lubricating calluses, vulgar, plantar warts, nail plates with onychomycosis |
| Ac. lactic Ac. salicylici Resorcini aa 10.0 Ol. Ricini 3.0 Collodii elastici ad 100.0 MDS Lubricate the elements once a day | Salicylic-lactic-resorcinol collodion. For lubricating plantar warts |
Pharmacological agents based on the nature of their action on the skin used for external treatment of skin diseases.
| ACTION |
| Antimicrobial, antiseptic, disinfectant |
| Anti-inflammatory |
| Fungicidal |
| Antiviral |
| Permissive |
| Keratolytic |
| Antipruritic |
| Cauterizing |
| Improving trophism and tissue regeneration |
EMOLENT TAPES
Emollients are water- and fat-soluble substances that have the ability to soften the skin, improve the lubricity of the drug, and promote uniform absorption. Emollients do not penetrate into the deep layers of the skin, limiting their action to the stratum corneum. They protect the skin from moisture loss and mechanical damage, ensure adhesion of horny scales on the surface of the skin, resulting in smoother and softer skin. Additional skin lubrication helps restore lipid balance and strengthen the barrier functions of the epidermis, thereby reducing transepidermal water evaporation. Emollients can be substances of various chemical natures, such as esters, fatty acids and alcohols, animal fats, vegetable and mineral oils, lanolin and its derivatives, synthetic esters, silicone derivatives, wax and waxy substances. Emollients are mainly contained in the oil phase of emulsions. Most often they can be seen as part of the ingredients of cosmetic products. Thanks to them, such qualities of cosmetics are created as ease of distribution on the skin, absorption, appearance, smoothness, softness, silkiness.
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Application
For correct application, you must adhere to the following algorithm:
- For allergies, the suspension is thoroughly shaken until the suspended particles mix with the liquid phase, forming a homogeneous mass;
- Areas of skin affected by allergic dermatitis are washed and wiped dry;
- A thick layer of mash is applied to the affected areas of the skin;
- There is no need to rub or smear it; it absorbs well on its own and without applying a bandage;
- At the next application, the algorithm is repeated again, washing the skin and applying a layer of the drug. It is not recommended to wash off the ointment and reapply if it has not yet been completely absorbed into the skin and has not shown a therapeutic effect.
This remedy effectively helps against dermatitis, itching, burning, but is not a remedy for treating allergies. Only a qualified allergist or immunologist can eradicate the problem.
Types and symptoms of eczema
True eczema
It is characterized by an acute inflammatory course: the blisters open before they have time to form. Point erosions appear, called serous wells, from which exudate, a dew-like liquid, is released in droplets. Exudate, accumulating on the skin, forms so-called oozing - extensive wet surfaces. Gradually they shrink into crusts, under which an inflammatory process develops. In the process of its attenuation, peeling occurs.
At the same time, all the elements of the disease may be present on the area of skin affected by true eczema: erosions, blisters, crusts, swelling, peeling. This is the trouble. Treatment of acute weeping eczema without the intervention of a doctor is quite difficult. Over time, the process enters a chronic stage, resuming for many years. Especially if the treatment is ineffective.
Microbial eczema
Symptoms: development around abrasions, infected wounds, scratches, fistulas, trophic ulcers. May be wet. Vast areas of loose purulent crusts appear on the surface, sometimes even without areas of healthy skin. The lesions are often located on the legs.
Seborrheic eczema
The appearance occurs more often in patients suffering from seborrhea. Appears respectively in places rich in sebaceous glands: behind the ears, on the scalp, in the groin, between the shoulder blades. Foci of seborrheic eczema are flaky spots covered with greasy scales, with yellowish-brown papules.
Occupational eczema
It usually happens to workers engaged in hazardous work, employed in some branches of the textile and chemical industries - upon contact with resins, dyes, wool yarn. Weeping areas resemble true eczema. Professional treatment takes place after eliminating contact with the allergen.
Dyshidrotic eczema
Represents a variant of true. Dyshidrotic eczema is characterized by development against the background of increased sweating. Blisters with a tight lid appear on the soles and palms, accompanied by pain, itching, and sometimes trophic changes in the nails. Treatment of dyshidrotic eczema is long and persistent. The outbreak may spread to other areas of the legs and arms.
Childhood eczema
Diagnosed in children aged 2-5 years, whose parents are prone to allergies. Or due to a lack of active enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, dysbacteriosis. In 40% of cases, childhood eczema occurs in a child whose parents suffer from the disease. The likelihood of occurrence increases to 70% if both parents are sick. People who know about such heredity, as a rule, try to adhere to a certain lifestyle and basic rules. Subsequently, this allows you to practically get rid of the disease.
Cooking at home
It’s very easy to prepare such mash at home; the main thing is to stick to the proportions and concentrations without deviating from the recipe.
- To do this, you need to take a clean bottle, pour 40 ml of distillate and the same amount of 90% pharmaceutical alcohol into it. A cube of anesthesin is dissolved in this mixture; it can be bought at a pharmacy.
- Thirty grams of white clay and the same amount of zinc oxide are added to the resulting mixture. If you don't have zinc oxide, you can add the same amount of good baby powder. After this, the mixture in the jar is whisked very thoroughly, avoiding the formation of lumps. The chatterbox can already be used.
- To get a thicker consistency, you should leave the same proportions of bulk substances, but reduce the amount of distillate and alcohol. It is used in exactly the same way as a pharmaceutical drug.
Allergy mash: recipes, composition and instructions for use
In some cases, it may happen that not even a strong antihistamine brings the desired result. This happens as a result of the individual characteristics and intolerance of the human body.
In such a case, an anti-allergy mash becomes an effective remedy, which each of you can prepare at home.
Features of treating allergies with homemade mash
Allergy talker contains simple medicinal substances, which may include diphenhydramine and talc.
Depending on the allergy symptoms and the degree of their manifestation, the doctor will prescribe a medication prescription that will contain the most suitable drugs to relieve the allergic reaction.
Allergy medicine for children most often has a lighter composition compared to the product intended for adults.
It must be remembered that medications of different compositions can lead to a certain effect. So, for example, if the allergic reaction has progressed to the weeping stage, or if a crust has already formed on the ulcers and they have begun to epithelialize, then the remedy needs to be replaced.
If the allergy talker ointment was selected correctly, then a noticeable result will soon be obtained. But the use of unnecessary medications can cause the body to develop a strong immunity to treatment or even react to it with a new allergic reaction.
The remedy for itchy skin is used according to a certain scheme, which is best discussed in advance with your doctor. The number of procedures is also determined individually. This medicine can be used once or twice a day, and in some of the most severe cases the medicine will have to be used every four hours.
Allergy talker is used as follows:
- shake the suspension vigorously so that the sediment at the bottom completely disappears and the mass becomes homogeneous;
- thoroughly clean the skin in the area where the composition will be applied and dry it;
- Apply a generous layer of mash to the affected areas of the epidermis;
- You should not rub the product into the skin or wrap it with a bandage, just wait until it is absorbed on its own and the skin becomes dry;
- Allergy talker should not be washed off, unless it is necessary to reapply it, and the previous composition has not been completely absorbed into the skin;
- If there is no improvement within three to four days after using the product, it is recommended to consult a doctor for a second visit to clarify the diagnosis or change medications.
Allergy talker is a means of pathogenetic and systematic therapy. In order to completely get rid of the existing disease, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the allergic reaction. It is especially recommended to start keeping a food diary, paying increased attention to a special diet.
Ingredients included in the mash
The medicine mash can be prepared at home, and its effectiveness will be as high as the pharmaceutical composition.
It is recommended that all ingredients be selected exclusively by a doctor after a full examination, because the use of the wrong medications can lead to a deterioration in the general condition or the development of a chronic allergic reaction.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gezXeERrLCI
Allergy mash has the following composition:
- distilled water 50 milliliters (can be purchased at any pharmacy);
- talc – 15 grams;
- glycerin – 10 milliliters;
- zinc oxide – 15 grams.
All available components must be thoroughly mixed together so that no lumps arise. This allergy mash has an anti-inflammatory and drying effect.
If severe itching occurs, it is recommended to add another five milliliters of diphenhydramine to the composition: it helps quickly relieve itching, relieves irritation, eliminates possible swelling and reduces the number of skin rashes.
It should also be noted that if there are ulcers and erosions on the skin, then it is better to use a product with a thicker consistency, and in order to treat hyperemic skin covered with crusts and blisters, it is recommended to use a suspension or liquid ointment.
In order to achieve the required consistency of the composition, it is recommended to use distilled water or zinc oxide. In some cases, as prescribed by a doctor, hormonal agents may be added to the mash. Hormones help to accelerate the elimination of allergy symptoms, but in some cases they can cause skin atrophy.
Therefore, it is recommended to use such products only after consulting a doctor, especially if the mash is used to treat children.
Recipe for medicinal allergy mash
Allergy mash, the recipe for which is given below, can be made at home, and you can make it even without starch, glycerin and talc. There is one very easy option for making mash, for which you will need:
- mix thoroughly 40 milliliters of 90% ethyl alcohol and distilled water;
- dissolve one cube of Anestezin in the resulting liquid;
- Thirty grams of white dry clay and an identical amount of zinc oxide powder are added to the finished composition. If you are unable to purchase zinc, you can replace it with high-quality baby powder;
- Shake the resulting mixture for two minutes so that lumps do not form in it.
This mash should be used in the same way as a drug made in a pharmacy. To make the anti-itching skin shake even more effective, you can additionally dilute five milliliters of diphenhydramine in it. This drug is aimed at reducing the number of rashes, draining lymph from tissues, eliminating redness and swelling, and removing signs of irritation from the skin.
As you can see, the skin mash against allergies is very effective, but at the same time a very simple remedy. You can prepare the composition at home, and its effectiveness is no worse than in pharmaceutical preparations.
However, before resorting to self-treatment, it is strongly recommended to consult a doctor, because incorrectly selected components can only worsen the results of treatment, causing a chronic allergic reaction.
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Source: https://NCare.ru/boltushka-ot-allergii/
Use in childhood and pregnancy
In the treatment of dermatitis in children and pregnant women, mash is used, in the preparation of which harmless components were used that do not penetrate the placental barrier and do not harm the child’s body.
It may consist of herbal extracts and powders with a drying effect. You can ask her at any pharmacy, but you should understand that independent experiments with an allergic reaction and relief medications are dangerous in childhood and during pregnancy.
For this reason, it is imperative to consult a doctor and choose a drug that would most effectively act on the reaction to a given allergen.
Reviews
Tsindol suspension has gained an excellent reputation due to its effectiveness, availability and low cost. The drug copes well with skin problems of adults and children, including newborns, without causing side effects. That is why so many people leave positive reviews, being satisfied with the effectiveness of the drug. In rare cases, Tsindol turns out to be ineffective, especially in treating acne - and then people leave negative reviews. However, a negative opinion about the drug, as a rule, extends only to its certain activity - that is, for example, ineffectiveness against acne, but otherwise the properties of the suspension are assessed positively.
Using Tsindol suspension after shaving, including the bikini area, can soothe irritated skin and prevent the appearance of pimples, pustules and redness. This effect is very popular with women who are satisfied with the product and leave positive reviews about it.
Tsindol for chickenpox and acne - reviews
Parents who used Tsindol suspension to treat chickenpox rashes were very pleased with the result and effectiveness of the drug. The product dries out the chickenpox rash well, does not sting the child’s skin, does not leave marks like brilliant green, and accelerates the healing of wounds, and promotes the complete restoration of the skin without a scar, even at the site of deep ulcers. It is precisely because of these properties that Tsindol has a huge number of positive reviews regarding its use in chickenpox. Negative reviews about the use of the remedy for chickenpox were left, for the most part, by parents who are uncomfortable treating the rashes several times a day, since it takes time.
When treating acne of varying severity with Tsindol suspension, most reviews about the drug are positive, since the drug visibly reduces inflammation, and small rashes completely heal and eliminate. In addition, Tsindol is convenient to use as needed, for example, to treat pimples that appear before menstruation, when there is no need to undergo a whole course of therapy. In such situations, the drug copes well with physiological, functional acne, which is liked by women, who leave positive reviews. Tsindol also perfectly helps pregnant women get rid of acne, who are also satisfied with the effect.
In some cases, Tsindol turns out to be ineffective in treating pimples - then people leave negative reviews about the drug. There have been no cases of worsening acne after using this medication, so negative reviews are limited only by its ineffectiveness in relation to a specific case.
Analogs
Sometimes the talker does not cope with the allergic reaction. This happens for several reasons. Either patients do not conduct an allergy test before taking it and a secondary allergy to the components of the talker is discovered, or it is ineffective in a particular case and the prescription of other antihistamines is required.
An analogue of chatterbox can be considered Tsindol, which has proven itself well as a remedy for allergic rashes, boils, and acne. Tsindol is based on zinc oxide and is available without a prescription.
Tsindol is used for smallpox rashes, copes with itching, peeling of the skin, and associated infections. In seven applications, on average, it makes the skin beautiful and smooth.
In addition, Tsindol is considered a good antiseptic that destroys microbes and resolves scars after skin lesions with boils or pimples. Can be used even in infancy to eliminate prickly heat or rashes in response to complementary feeding.
Tsindol for dermatitis - how to use?
Tsindol can be used for seborrheic, allergic dermatitis, eczema and rashes of unknown origin. The suspension perfectly eliminates inflammation and dries out rashes associated with seborrheic and allergic dermatitis, relieves severe itching, alleviates the course of pathology and prevents infection of the skin by bacteria or fungi.
To treat dermatitis, Tsindol suspension is applied with a cotton swab to previously cleansed and dried skin in a thin layer. After application, you can leave the composition for several hours until it completely dries and peels off. After this, you can wash off the remaining emulsion from the skin. If there are many rashes, severe dermatitis, severe inflammation, or pustular rashes indicating a bacterial infection, the skin should be treated several times a day. As the condition improves, the number of treatments can be reduced to one or two throughout the day. If it is possible to leave the composition on the skin overnight, do so and wash it off in the morning.
If a person cannot apply the composition several times a day (for example, at work it is impossible to walk around “decorated” with white stains from Tsindol), then you can do this during your lunch break, leaving the suspension on the skin for an hour, and then rinse with water. In general, you can apply the product for a limited period of time when circumstances and time permit, and if necessary, quickly wash off the composition with water from the surface of the skin. More about dermatitis
White talker
There is another recipe for mash that you can make yourself. To do this, mix 5 grams of salicylic acid and the same amount of chloramphenicol, 50 ml of pharmaceutical alcohol and the same amount of boric acid.
White talker copes with rashes that are associated with hormonal changes in the body. For example, it is useful in eliminating acne during adolescence, before menstruation, during menopause. Can be combined with tar soap. Used to treat stomatitis.
You can prepare another variation of white mash. Take the chicken white of one egg as a base, crush half a nystatin tablet, add a tablespoon of honey and mix thoroughly. This composition is pleasant to the taste, therefore it is used as a remedy for stomatitis in children. They apply it to the gums four times a day until the stomatitis completely goes away.
Folk remedies for dyshidrotic eczema for oral administration
Yarrow infusion
Pour 1 teaspoon of herb into 1 glass of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
A decoction of dandelion and burdock roots.
Grind the dry roots and mix in a 1:1 ratio. 2 tbsp. l. pour the mixture with 3 glasses of water. Leave for 7-10 hours, bring to a boil and boil for 15 minutes. Take 100 ml 3 times a day.
Birch leaves.
Grind dry birch leaves into powder. 4 tsp. pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes. Drink 1 glass 2 times a day.
