When are injections prescribed?
Allergy injections are prescribed when the following is diagnosed:
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Dermatitis occurring with complications.
- Antigen-induced dyspepsia.
- Intolerable skin itching.
- Quincke's edema.
- Severe rhinitis.
- Allergic conjunctivitis.
- Hay fever.
- Severe attack of bronchial asthma.
- A threatening drop in blood pressure.
The patient urgently needs injections, sometimes for health reasons.
Contraindications
Contraindications to the use of solutions vary depending on the group to which they belong. Sometimes it is necessary to prescribe certain types of drugs not in injections, but in tablet forms. External agents (ointments) are also used.
Most allergy medications are not recommended for injection into a vein or muscle if the patient is immunocompromised.
Treatment with medications should not be carried out in the presence of cardiac diseases or severe diseases of the vasculature.
During the infection process, injections must be done under the supervision of a physician.
Solutions in ampoules are used with caution in pediatric and psychiatric practice.
With the help of some medications, you can get an allergy shot for a year. But a complete examination of the patient and identification of contraindications is required.
Main causes of allergies
The most important reason for any allergic reaction is an increase in the body's sensitivity to an allergen or a group of them.
In certain circumstances, the human immune system begins to react to foreign proteins coming from outside or formed inside the body with an incorrect reaction, as a result of which special substances are formed.
These substances are usually referred to as inflammatory mediators; it is under their influence that all allergy symptoms develop, ranging from minor skin manifestations to severe anaphylactic shock.
Scientists explain the increase in the number of patients with various types of allergies for several reasons, the most important of which include:
Poor environmental conditions.
The air, water, and soil become more and more polluted every year, and many compounds dangerous to humans accumulate in them.
Once inside the body, these elements cause a malfunction of the immune system, which leads to an incorrect reaction to various proteins.
Heredity.
It has been proven that allergic reactions can also be transmitted through the genomic code. The risk of a possible allergy increases many times over if both parents pass on a mutated gene to their child.
Disruption of the digestive system.
Dysbacteriosis is a fairly common problem for modern people, arising under the influence of a variety of factors.
Disturbed microflora prevents the normal absorption of all substances entering the body, promotes the accumulation of toxins and prevents their proper exit from the body.
Maintaining complete sterility in apartments.
There is no doubt that cleanliness is the key to health, but if a child is kept in a completely sterile environment from birth, not allowing him to come into contact with common germs and irritants, then his immune system will not be able to properly respond to these unknown substances in the future.
And all this will ultimately lead to the fact that, once faced with a large dose of a certain irritant for the first time, the immune system will launch a whole cascade of inflammatory reactions. Such a reaction will quickly disrupt the functioning of the entire body.
Infectious diseases.
In an adult, allergies often arise for the first time after severe and prolonged somatic and infectious diseases. These pathologies themselves and the medications used to eliminate them disrupt the immune system.
A wide variety of substances can act as the main allergen, including food products, cosmetics, plant pollen and certain parts thereof, household chemicals, dust, animal saliva protein.
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Every year the number of possible allergens only increases. That is, it is impossible to assume what will cause an allergy.
But if it is not treated in time, even if it manifests itself with minor symptoms, then in the future the intolerance reaction will be more severe and intolerance to other allergens may also develop.
Allergy injections are prescribed by a doctor for a specific purpose, and their correct choice depends on many factors that only an allergist can competently assess.
Desensitizing agents
Ascorbic acid, calcium gluconate, calcium chloride are included in complex therapy. These substances are administered intravenously, in particular by drip. They improve the patient’s condition by cleansing the body of cell breakdown products and allergens.
Medicines are used for skin allergies, urticaria, eczema.
Calcium chloride
The use of the medication helps bind and remove harmful substances. Most often it is prescribed with other antiallergic drugs, enhancing their effect.
The doctor administers calcium chloride injections depending on the severity of the person’s condition, accompanying symptoms and the severity of their manifestations.
Calcium chloride should be used with caution if there is an increased level of calcium in the body, increased blood clotting, or heart rhythm disturbances.
Calcium gluconate
The solution is administered intravenously. Calcium gluconate instantly penetrates the bloodstream, inhibiting the development of the allergic process, so injections are often used in emergency care.
They give a hot injection for allergies. It is so called because as the solution passes through the vascular bed, the patient experiences a feeling of heat. It occurs due to irritation of the venous walls with salts, which causes their reflex expansion.
How is the problem developing?
Development of an allergic reaction
There are cases when allergies disappear with age. Those. in childhood it is present for some substances, but in adulthood it does not manifest itself in any way, completely disappearing. The reason for this phenomenon is the immaturity of enzymatic systems. So, if substances that are not completely broken down (along with food) enter the body, an allergic reaction is triggered. It will gradually weaken and disappear completely in adulthood.
For adults, it is much more difficult to get rid of allergic reactions forever. Treatment of the problem must be comprehensive. First, you should go to see a doctor. Only a doctor will determine whether it is truly an allergy. After all, its symptoms can be confused with other diseases: colds, chicken pox, etc.
Allergies more often affect the female body. It happens that it is inherited. This is especially true for allergic rhinitis. With all such reactions, the patient feels:
- nasal congestion;
- sneezing;
- sore throat;
- excessive tearing;
- itching
When allergies are in advanced form, eczema may even appear or asthma may develop. Therefore, it must be treated on time and strictly under the supervision of a specialist.
Histamine receptor blockers
Pharmacological agents of this group (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin, Tavegil) help reduce the manifestations of allergies. They begin to act as soon as they enter the bloodstream, reducing the sensitivity of tissues to certain substances.
They have a long-lasting effect, so antihistamine injections are prescribed in short courses, after which the patient is transferred to enteral forms of treatment.
Diphenhydramine
The drug belongs to the early generation of anti-allergy drugs. It effectively relieves vomiting.
The medication has a number of side effects, among which the hypnotic effect predominates.
It is allowed to use the solution in ampoules for the treatment of both adult and minor patients. It is necessary to first conduct a skin test to determine the tolerance of the active substance.
Tavegil
The injections have a strong therapeutic effect. The solution is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It improves the patient's well-being with skin hyperreaction to antigens of various origins, accompanied by itching and swelling.
Tavegil antiallergic injections are not used to treat children.
Pipolfen
After administration of the drug, a person’s histamine receptors are quickly blocked, which reduces the severity of his symptoms. Other effects of its action include a decrease in nervous tension and a decrease in the urge to hiccup or vomit. The drug has an antipyretic, hypnotic, and sedative effect.
Most often, Pipolfen is used for dermatitis in adults (urticaria, eczema).
What do you think are the most important factors when choosing a medical facility?
Suprastin
The drug is effective in various forms of allergic reactions, therefore it is often prescribed for emergency medical care.
Injections are given for intolerable itching, intense inflammation of the mucous membranes, and suffocation.
After the injection, the patient experiences lethargy and drowsiness. Due to its strong calming effect, the solution should be prescribed with caution to persons whose activities require increased concentration.
For the treatment of children, the use of a solution in ampoules is indicated starting from the age of 1 month. When the condition is stabilized, Suprastin is used in tablet form.
Antihistamine drops
If the dog cannot take tablets in one form or another, they can be successfully replaced with drops. There are many advantages to using such drugs.
- Can be easily mixed with water or just quickly poured into the animal's mouth.
- They begin to act faster, which means their work is more effective.
The dosage of substances in drops is higher than in tablets, so it is important not to overdo it in an effort to cure your pet.
Zodak
The active substance of cetirizine hydrochloride. Excipients: acetic acid, purified water, propylene glycol, sodium acetate trihydrate. Belongs to the group of competitive histamine antagonists. Blocks receptors.
Prevents the development of a reaction. Improves tolerance of allergy symptoms.
It is prescribed at a dose of 0.25 mg per 1 kg of animal weight. More detailed recommendations will be made by the attending veterinarian. The drug is used over a 7-day course.
Hormonal injections
This type of injection is most often used when providing emergency medical care to a patient. Drugs called Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone are used.
Steroid drugs inhibit the development of collapse, stop a severe inflammatory skin reaction accompanied by severe itching, and eliminate swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. A person’s well-being improves immediately after administration of the medicine.
Hormonal injections should be used only for urgent indications and the period of their use should be strictly limited.
Prednisolone
Injections cause rapid improvement in the patient's condition, reducing the intensity of the inflammatory process caused by an allergic reaction. They effectively reduce the manifestations of the body's exaggerated immunological response by actively reducing vascular permeability.
The mechanism of action of Prednisolone is due to a complex biochemical effect on cells, changes in the synthesis of hormones and general metabolic processes in the body. Therefore, with prolonged use it can cause complications.
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone is an inexpensive drug, its cost does not exceed 200 rubles.
Therefore it is used often. This hormonal injection for allergies quickly stops the pathological immune reaction, reduces the influence of the antigen, and eliminates inflammation.
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone injection quickly eliminates swelling of the mucous membranes. Such a positive effect on the body makes Dexamethasone the drug of choice for suffocation caused by vasospasm.
It must be taken into account that it is addictive, as it actively affects the metabolism of essential substances. Therefore, it is used only for emergency indications when there is a threat to the patient’s life.
Diprospan
The medicine is prescribed when long-term allergy injections are required. It actively affects the overall water-salt balance, changing the metabolism of minerals in the body. The injection inhibits the development of a negative immune reaction and stabilizes the functions of lymphocytes.
The injected solution affects the synthesis of histamine and reduces the sensitivity of tissue receptors to it.
Methylprednisolone
Causes a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, relieves pain, reduces swelling. The intensity of the pathological process decreases, and the effect of the drug on the body lasts up to 2 days. It is used to give new generation allergy injections.
The maximum effect of the drug develops only 6 hours after administration of the drug; it is not used to provide emergency medical care. This pharmacological agent is used for a long period of action.
Reviews
Alena, owner of the chow-chow
Execan is convenient to give to a dog - who would refuse a sweet treat. In addition, after the first or second dose you can notice the effect. The medicine helped my dog: already on the second night she slept peacefully, but before that she was itching from eczema around the clock. I didn’t notice any side effects.
Oleg, pit bull terrier owner
The shampoo caused a severe allergy in the dog - he was itching all over, even biting his skin. As prescribed by the veterinarian, I started giving Exekan. All allergy symptoms disappeared on the 5th day. But the medicine did not work for my friend’s dog: vomiting and diarrhea began. It turned out that the dog had previously suffered from pancreatitis, and this medicine was too heavy for a weak pancreas.
Irina, veterinarian
Execan has contraindications; in addition, it adversely affects the condition of the musculoskeletal system, pancreas and other organs. And the medicine is not cheap: if the dog is a large breed, the course of treatment will require two packages, and this is already more than 2,000 rubles. If it is possible to replace it with another medicine, I opt for non-hormonal drugs.
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Immunobiological preparations
Medicines in this group have a long-lasting effect on the patient’s body. They strengthen resistance and protect tissues from pathogenic factors. The injection rapidly reduces the symptoms of any allergic process, affecting all cells.
During collapse, administration of the solution quickly increases blood pressure, stops suffocation, reduces vascular permeability and eliminates swelling of the mucous membrane.
Fostal
The drug is created on the basis of an ultrafiltered extract of the allergen, consisting of pollen from birch, alder and other trees. This is a long-term allergy shot; it allows you to change the structure of the immune response to a harmful stimulus and actively influences the pattern of lymphocyte movement.
Injections are indicated for:
- allergic rhinitis;
- reactions of the skin and mucous membranes to pollen;
- seasonal conjunctivitis;
- hay fever.
Treatment is recommended for both adult patients and children over 5 years of age.
Alustal
The solution contains an extract from the allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites. The use of the drug changes the functioning of the lymphocyte system and increases the level of immunoglobulins A and G in the bloodstream, while simultaneously reducing the amount of IgE.
Treatment with Alustal can be used to treat children over 5 years of age. You must first do skin tests to identify intolerance to the drug.
Such an anti-allergy injection should not be given to patients who, for various reasons, have a decrease in the body's defenses.
A contraindication to its use is the presence of tumor formations.
Directions for use and dosage
Sugar cubes are convenient to give to your pet: dogs take them for a treat and lick them off their hands. In addition, they can be added to food or dissolved in water. Hormonal drugs require careful adherence to dosage. The instructions dictate the following treatment regimen:
Based on the pet’s body weight, the following doses are established:
- animals weighing no more than 5 kg – ½ cube per day;
- dogs from 5 to 15 kg – 1 cube/day;
- medium dogs (15-30 kg) – 1.5 cubes per day;
- large individuals weighing more than 30 kg – 2 cubes/day.
Important! Only a veterinarian can prescribe Exekan and stop taking the drug.
The medicine is discontinued, gradually reducing the dose: on the 13th and 14th days of treatment, you need to give the dog ¼ cube of the hormonal drug. Abrupt withdrawal may cause problems with urination (polyuria) or increased thirst (polydipsia).
It is impossible to violate the prescribed dose, and it is undesirable to skip taking the medicine: this reduces the therapeutic effect. If it was not possible to give the medicine on time, treatment will have to start over.
