Severe urticaria and high fever in a child

Infantile roseola (sudden exanthema)

Herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) causes roseola infantum (sudden exanthema). Temperatures above 39°C last for 3-4 days, temperatures below 39°C can last up to 8 days. After a drop in temperature, a bright macular or maculopapular rash appears on the skin of the face, neck or torso. The rash does not itch. Sometimes the cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, swelling around the eyes and red papules on the soft palate (Nagayama spots). Fever may be accompanied by diarrhea, cough, runny nose and headache. The rash goes away in 3-4 days without treatment.

Important!!! The rash that appears after the temperature normalizes is frightening: “First the temperature, and now the rash!” In fact, this is a sign of the end of the disease.

Febrile seizures in children under 2 years of age, fever without a focus of infection, and Epstein-Bar negative mononucleosis are often caused by herpes virus infection type 6 (HHV-6). In rare cases, the virus causes fulminant hepatitis and encephalitis, as well as Rosai-Dorfman syndrome (generalized lymphadenopathy).

ECHO-exanthema (infectious exanthema) proceeds similarly - the rash appears after the temperature normalizes. With ECHO exanthema, herpetic sore throat and diarrhea are common.

About baby roseola, see Rash after fever and nothing more.

Fever with urticaria in children and adults: how to deal with fever

An increase in body temperature not only causes an inflammatory process in the body, it can be nettle fever. Temperature with urticaria requires special attention, as it often signals a secondary infection.

General characteristics and symptoms

Urticaria is a common disease accompanied by a skin rash similar in appearance to a nettle burn. Large red spots and blisters spread quickly and cause severe itching and discomfort.

Dermatitis often occurs without acute manifestations. Sometimes the temperature may rise greatly, chills, angioedema, nausea and vomiting may appear.

Exacerbation of symptoms and fever in urticaria are caused by allergens:

• Food,
• medicines,
• insect bites,
• household chemicals,
• sunburn,
• pollen of flowering herbs,
• pet hair.

Due to the unbearable itching, a child and even an adult can scratch the blisters until they bleed, into which a viral infection can enter. Due to complications, fever occurs and health worsens.

An allergy sufferer or a child is at high risk of developing angioedema and anaphylaxis.

You need to carefully monitor the baby's condition. If he begins to be capricious, has difficulty breathing, is hoarse, or complains of a headache, you should immediately call a doctor. Otherwise, the situation may end in death.

Adults tolerate the disease more easily than children, but the likelihood of developing angioedema is not excluded. An increase in temperature with urticaria is not the only accompanying symptom. The patient may have coughing, sneezing and upset stomach.

When and how to shoot down

The temperature with urticaria in adults does not increase much. Rarely does the level on the thermometer exceed 37 °C.

There is no need to bring down a low-grade fever: it indicates that the body has begun to fight the disease . Adults normally tolerate an increase to 38.5 °C.

At higher temperatures, the heat must be reduced. Antipyretic drugs that are in every first aid kit are suitable:

• Paracetamol,
• Askofen,
• Citramon,
• Ibuprofen.

You should not spend money on expensive antipyretic powders; they contain many components that can greatly worsen the patient’s condition with urticaria and cause allergies.

Take Analgin and Aspirin with caution: the drugs have many side effects and contraindications. This is especially true for people with gastrointestinal diseases.

But the temperature in children under 6 years of age drops already at 38 °C. The child should be given Panadol in syrup form. If the fever does not subside within 3-4 days, an ambulance is called and the baby is hospitalized .

The same situation applies to pregnant women and nursing mothers. During this period, only Paracetamol is allowed for migraines and fever. Pregnant women should always consult their doctor regarding treatment regimen for any medical condition.

Other methods of dealing with fever

Nettle fever is fought not only with medications. A few simple tips will help with its treatment, and will also ensure the patient’s comfort during the course of the disease and recovery.

1. The room should not be hot, the optimal air temperature is about 20 ° C. It is necessary to ventilate the room well and provide an influx of fresh and cool air.
2. Humidity in the room also plays a big role. It is optimal when it is not less than 50%. At elevated temperatures, the human body loses a lot of fluid, and in a dry room, the mucous membranes of organs suffer from moisture deficiency. Dry skin causes additional discomfort: the rash is more itchy and itchy. To humidify the air, hang wet towels near the patient, do wet cleaning every 3-4 hours, and turn on the humidifier.
3. The patient needs to drink a lot of plain water (not mineral water or sugary drinks) . Hot tea with jam or lemon, compotes and fruit drinks are suitable. It is especially important to ensure that your child drinks regularly. Dehydration is one of the main causes of angioedema.
4. You don't need to eat if you don't have an appetite. This applies to both children and adults. Digesting and assimilation of food takes a lot of energy from the body, which is better used to fight the disease.
5. Less movement. You should not burden the patient with household chores, even if he has a low temperature. If you have hives, rest is necessary. Hyperactivity in children often leads to fever.
6. Do not forget about personal hygiene, otherwise a bacterial infection may be added to the hives. When bathing, do not rub the damaged skin with a washcloth and avoid loosening flaky plaques. After the bath, the body is dried with a soft towel.

The reasons for the rise in temperature are different, but the basic methods of dealing with it are the same.

Rest and drinking plenty of fluids come first. Medicines are taken with caution, especially during pregnancy and childhood.

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Attention!

The site administration advises you not to self-medicate, and in any controversial situations, consult a doctor.

Source: //fr-dc.ru/kozhnye-zabolevaniya/pochemu-pri-krapivnicze-povyshaetsya-temperatura-i-kak-ee-sbit

Rubella

With rubella, the eyes are reddish, there is a slight runny nose and cough. General health does not suffer. Sometimes, violet spots (Forchheimer's spots) on the soft palate. The lymph nodes behind the ears and on the sides of the neck are greatly enlarged. A pinkish-red, small-spotted rash appears after the temperature rises to 37.0-37.7°C. The first to appear is a bright blush on the cheeks. Within a day, the rash covers the face, chest, abdomen, legs and arms. There is little rash in places of natural folds (folds). The rash becomes brighter after swimming. Itching is mild. After 5 days, the rash disappears without a trace. Older children and adults may experience joint pain.

Causes of cough and rash

The accompanying symptoms help to guess what caused the rash and cough in a child.

Allergic reactions

An allergy is an inappropriate reaction of the body to irritants.

The following factors contribute to its occurrence:

1. Genetic predisposition. The risk of allergies in a child is estimated at 30% if one parent has the disease. If both the patient's father and mother are allergic, the likelihood of reactions increases to 60%.
2. Consumption of allergenic foods. Citrus fruits, smoked meats, chocolate products, and seafood can provoke an allergic reaction. The immune system does not respond adequately to highly active substances contained in these products.
3. Contact with chemicals. A rash on the body of an adult often appears after working with household chemicals, cosmetics, and paint products.
4. Taking certain medications. Allergies are most often caused by antibiotics, painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Measles

Important!!! There is NO measles without cough and conjunctivitis.

Measles begins with a high fever, severe runny nose, cough and conjunctivitis. After 2-3 days, small white-gray grains appear behind the cheek - Filatov-Koplik spots. On the 3-4th day of high fever, a pink-red spotted or maculopapular rash appears on the bridge of the nose and behind the ears. Elements of the rash tend to merge and turn pale when pressed. On the first day, the rash affects the face, the second day - the torso, the third day - the legs and arms. When the rash appears on the extremities, on the face it already fades - it becomes burgundy-brown with isolated hemorrhages and peeling. Feet and palms do not peel off during measles. Itching is mild.

See more about measles: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, rash - this is measles

Temperature with urticaria in children and adults: causes and symptoms, how to reduce fever

According to statistics, every third person on earth suffered from urticaria, a sixth of the world's population suffered from it twice. These figures make us take the problem seriously, since it is complex and affects all age categories.

Urticaria can hardly be called an independent disease, but it can be classified as symptoms. It is characterized by a rash that appears due to allergic diseases and also occurs with other skin diseases.

Some call this problem nettle rash, others call nettle fever. This is all due to the fact that the spots are similar to burns received from nettles. The medical name for the phenomenon is urticaria.

Sometimes the body temperature rises - this sows doubts, because few people understand whether such a sign can accompany urticaria.

How does heat urticaria manifest?

Each form is characterized by clear symptoms.

The cholinergic type makes itself felt within 15–20 minutes after a provoking factor (stress, hot bath or shower, elevated air temperature, physical activity).

Small pinpoint rashes no more than 3 mm in diameter appear in the form of nodules on the upper part of the body. They are surrounded by a wide ring of redness (hyperemia). The rash tends to merge.

Cholinergic urticaria rash

Skin itching is severe and bothers the patient throughout the entire period of the rash. Often the rash is accompanied by general symptoms such as nausea, drooling, and loose stools. In most cases, the symptoms of thermal urticaria stop within 30–50 minutes after the end of exposure to the provoking factor, but they can persist for several hours.

The local form is characterized by the formation of large bubbles after 3–5 minutes in the area of ​​thermal influence. Skin changes persist for about an hour. Cases of a combination of heat and cold urticaria have been described.

The disease can manifest itself for several months or years and then disappear without a trace. Less commonly, the disease lasts for decades.

Understanding the symptoms

When urticaria is present, there is often no fever. However, if the disease is complicated, then an increase in body temperature becomes an obligatory companion.

First you need to clearly distinguish the skin manifestations of urticaria. It is characterized by spots and blisters. They form associations that form as a group, creating a problem area.

Blisters are generally not localized, but spread over the entire surface of the skin. The affected area may vary on the legs and head. Sometimes the feet and hands are affected. The size of the bubbles varies. There are small formations, but there are also those that are approximately the size of a palm.

Acute and chronic rashes differ in their characteristics. In the first case, it consists of large blisters that disappear quickly. The chronic form is characterized by the fact that the blisters are small and disappear within a day. Due to the daily rhythm of histamine secretion, the chronic form is manifested by severe itching.

The rash appears suddenly, swelling increases, which compresses the capillaries, causing the blisters to turn pale.

With ordinary urticaria, the temperature in adults and children can reach up to 37.5 degrees. But the complicated form is characterized by higher numbers up to 38, 39 degrees. The main reason for this is itching and inflammation due to infections getting into the wounds.

Since urticaria is often a manifestation of allergies, complications occur during contact with the allergen.

A strong itch is felt, so a person involuntarily scratches the skin, sometimes until it bleeds. This can cause infection to enter the resulting wound, then the temperature is a consequence of inflammation.

There is a great danger if urticaria appears in children, as there is a risk of angioedema and anaphylactic shock. Children's skin is more delicate and thinner, so it is difficult for it to resist blisters and severe itching.

Why does heat urticaria occur?

For the development of any form of illness, an allergic predisposition of the body is necessary. Some patients are diagnosed with other allergic diseases: food intolerance, atopic dermatitis, other types of urticaria.

In localized heat urticaria, histamine is directly released from mast cells upon local exposure to temperatures greater than 40ºC.

The cholinergic type is characterized by a general increase in body temperature after the action of provoking factors (physical activity, hot bath, stress, high air temperature). The thermoregulation center responds by releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This in turn stimulates the release of histamine from mast cells.

Source: //TvoyKrem.ru/furunkuly/krapivnica-i-temperatura.html

Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19 infection)

Against the background of a low temperature, a spotted, papular and even urticarial rash appears. Parvovirus infection is often mistaken for hives. BUT!!! Antihistamines and systemic glucocorticosteroids are ineffective for parvoviral exanthema. First, a bright, macular rash appears on the face (a symptom of “slapped cheeks”), then a maculopapular rash appears on the extremities (including the palms and soles) and torso. The nasolabial triangle is usually pale. Itching is mild. Joints often hurt. The rash of erythema infectiosum may reappear after disappearing.

Important!!! Parvovirus B19 infection is dangerous for children with aplastic anemia, because it causes a transient aplastic crisis.

Urticaria after ARVI Komarovsky - Colds

A rash during ARVI is a symptom that often accompanies viral infections; young children are especially susceptible to its development. Redness of the skin invariably provokes great anxiety among the baby’s parents, and an adult is unlikely to remain indifferent.

This reaction of the body can be a banal allergy to drugs, or a manifestation of a dangerous complication when medical help cannot be avoided.

To understand the level of danger of a particular rash, you need to clarify the nature of its occurrence, symptoms and measures of possible drug therapy.

Types and factors of allergies

And I read on Rusmedservice that urticaria can occur in children with ARVI just like that, without any reason. But none of the doctors voiced this to me.

We suggest you familiarize yourself with Constipation, black stool causes

The child is now on a diet, we introduce everything a little bit like in the old days.

What is the actual question: is it really possible that a child has been eating some product for more than a year and then has such an acute reaction? If so, how did you determine what the product was? Have you been tested for allergens?

And then a friend’s 3-year-old child developed Quincke’s edema after drinking a green apple. And for some reason she excludes the possibility that she might have just come across a specific chemically-contaminated apple, and she doesn’t experiment with apples anymore.

(off: I wish no one to end up in the infectious diseases department of the St. Vladimir Hospital - it’s just terrible!)

It is typical that antigens are ordinary things that are not harmful to health. Why do some children’s immune system adequately perceive these substances, while others do not?

Two factors:

1. early age, when immunity is not fully formed;
2. excess antigen.

If the body has a healthy immune system, according to Komarovsky about a child’s allergies, he will not be afraid of any antigens.

If the baby does not eat properly and is not physically developed, then his immunity will be weakened.

It is also necessary to monitor the quality of products. Many "natural" yogurts and juices contain synthetic additives.

There are several types of this disease in children.

Milk is the most common cause of this disease. The casein protein contained in it can cause severe symptoms and even a health threat.

Its size is too large for the child’s body to cope with the breakdown, so it enters the blood in its entirety and is perceived as a harmful element.

There are 3 reasons why this is caused:

1. genetic predisposition;
2. early introduction of cow's milk into complementary feeding;
3. exposure of casein to mother's milk.

In case of true intolerance, the baby will suffer from taking mixtures based on it.

A very important point in reliably establishing a diagnosis in children is a conversation with the mother. She must remember what the child ate and did in the last 24 hours. Based on the tests and these indications, the doctor prescribes medications that alleviate the course of the disease.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is caused by some strains of group A hemolytic streptococcus. Scarlet fever occurs at high temperatures in the form of a sore throat with a pinpoint rash against the background of a hyperemic rut. Pale nasolabial triangle. A “raspberry” tongue is characteristic. On the 7-10th day, lamellar peeling of the hands and feet develops. These signs are quite characteristic for the diagnosis; it is confirmed by the release of GABHS or an increase in ASLO. Neutrophilic leukocytosis is common.

Treatment of scarlet fever: penicillin or ampicillin intramuscularly, amoxicillin orally 50 mg/kg per day (Flemoxin Solutab). About scarlet fever, see Temperature, sore throat, rash - scarlet fever.

Borreliosis

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burkdorferi, transmitted by the ixodid tick. The area of ​​migrating erythema around the tick bite reaches 5-15 cm, sometimes with satellites, it migrates during the febrile period (up to 1 week) and is sometimes accompanied by conjunctivitis, headache, and arthralgia. After 3-12 months, damage to internal organs develops.

Treatment of borreliosis. Children under 8 years old - amoxicillin 50 mg/kg per day, over 8 years old - doxycycline (Unidox Solutab 100 mg 2 times a day) for 10-14 days, if symptoms persist - another 7 days or more. Organ lesions are also treated; in case of severe damage to the heart and central nervous system, ceftriaxone is administered (75-100 mg/kg once a day) for 14-21 days.

Vesicular rash in the form of blisters and blisters filled with fluid, pus or blood.

Temperature with urticaria: can it happen and what to do?

Urticaria, as urticaria, well known to many, is another name, is an allergic disease. It is accompanied by the appearance of blisters on the skin, called “urtica” in Latin.

Elevated temperature with urticaria occurs as one of its symptoms, as a result of the development of complications, or may indicate the presence of another disease. It is like a lit red indicator, indicating a struggle taking place in the body.

What to do if the body can no longer cope on its own and screams for help?

What causes hives

In most cases, urticaria is classified as an allergic disease. Allergens can affect the body both from the outside and from the inside. A characteristic reaction can be caused by:

• some foods and drinks (eggs, milk and others);
• medications;
• insect bites;
• household chemicals.

Exposure to an allergen in high concentrations causes an acute form of the disease. After stopping contact with the substance that caused the allergic reaction, the symptoms of urticaria disappear within 3-10 days.

However, with high sensitivity, the constant presence of sluggish pathology in the body contributes to the development of a chronic form of urticaria. It lasts for months and years and periodically recurs. Such diseases include:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hormonal imbalances;
• various infectious diseases, including helminthic infestations.

Skin rashes are also caused by autoimmune reactions of the body associated with impaired immune function.

How does urticaria manifest in adults and children?

In adults, as in children, allergic disease manifests itself in the form of blisters, initially small. In appearance they resemble a nettle burn, which is where the name of the disease comes from.

But over time, the blisters increase in area and merge into one large one. As the disease progresses, body temperature rises, sweating increases, and vomiting begins.

A dermatological rash in an adult causes severe itching. After scratching the affected areas of the skin, small wounds remain, into which a pathogenic microbe is likely to penetrate.

In this case, the cause of the elevated temperature is a secondary infection.

In children, urticaria with fever may be accompanied by headache and other complications, such as swelling of the mucous membranes. This makes breathing difficult and requires special attention.

Therefore, it is extremely important to immediately begin to act when the first signs of the disease appear, without waiting for complications. First of all, to confirm the diagnosis, you need to see a doctor, who will prescribe the correct treatment.

When and how to reduce the fever

A thermometer reading up to 38 degrees indicates the presence of an inflammatory process and the struggle taking place in the body, but does not require intervention to bring down the fever. But if during the day a patient with hives has a temperature of 38 degrees or higher, then the body urgently needs outside help to fight the fever.

Any actions in the treatment of patients with fever should be carried out after consultation with specialists.

In this case, the person must be examined by a specialist, because the cause of the high temperature may be another serious disease that requires a different therapeutic approach.

What does official medicine offer?

Fever from urticaria does not occur often. Inflated indicators are brought down by drugs based on paracetamol and ibuprofen. Children's medications are produced in syrup form for easier administration.

Reducing the temperature of children with aspirin is strictly contraindicated due to the large number of side effects.

Traditional methods

These can be considered basic recommendations for caring for a person suffering from fever:

1. The air in the patient's room should be clean and fresh, which makes breathing easier, and the weakened body is provided with a constant flow of oxygen. To do this, it is enough to keep the window open, half-open or frequently ventilate the room - it all depends on the time of year.
2. Simple drinking water is a good help and support for the body at elevated temperatures. It is enough to drink a few sips, but often enough - every 20-30 minutes. No drinks can replace water - neither tea, nor compote, nor soda. If you want to enrich the water with vitamins, you can add a little fresh lemon juice or just a slice of lemon to it.
3. Decoctions of chamomile and linden have some antipyretic properties.
4. A person with a high fever does not want, cannot, and should not eat much.
5. Large and warm blankets do not contribute to heat transfer. The patient should feel comfortable: he should not be cold, but not too hot. Change the blanket to a blanket or sheet.
6. Maximum rest and bed rest are required. Active movements require energy, and during recovery, all energy should be directed towards fighting the disease.

What absolutely should not be done

It happens that if a fever appears with hives, relatives may recommend rubbing with alcohol or other solutions. This should not be done, especially when treating children under one year of age, since alcohol enters the blood through capillaries, causing poisoning.

Any actions in the treatment of patients with fever should be carried out after consultation with specialists.

Source: //tden.ru/health/s-temperaturoj

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

If a person becomes infected with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) for the first time, aphthous stomatitis appears from the 2nd to 3rd day of illness against the background of a very high temperature. Children with atopic dermatitis have a widespread vesiculopustular rash (Kaposi's eczema). Vesicles in the mouth are located in groups and often merge; when they rupture, superficial ulcers with a pale bottom (aphthae) form. The rash continues for 5 days. Due to the soreness of the mucous membrane, children do not eat and drink well. Herpetic stomatitis can be complicated by bacteremia caused by Kingella kingae, with the development of purulent arthritis, osteomyelitis or endocarditis.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis: acyclovir at a dose of 15-20 mg/kg 5 times a day reduces the duration of virus shedding and speeds up recovery, although it is not necessary with normal immunity. Locally, rinsing with a mixture of a 2% viscous solution of lidocaine, diphenhydramine and maalox is most effective.

Rash due to ARVI

A rash during ARVI is a symptom that often accompanies viral infections; young children are especially susceptible to its development. Redness of the skin invariably provokes great anxiety among the baby’s parents, and an adult is unlikely to remain indifferent.

This reaction of the body can be a banal allergy to drugs, or a manifestation of a dangerous complication when medical help cannot be avoided.

To understand the level of danger of a particular rash, you need to clarify the nature of its occurrence, symptoms and measures of possible drug therapy.

Types of rash

A rash on the skin often accompanies ARVI in adults; it is called exanthema. As a rule, such a symptom may be a reaction to treatment, or it may be triggered by the development of an infectious pathology.

The appearance of skin rashes, even accompanying colds, requires mandatory medical attention. A thorough examination by a specialist will help to study the features and characteristics of the rash.

The viral nature of exanthema often manifests itself by the appearance of spots and petechiae. The former usually develop on a small surface of the skin; they are practically no different from a healthy area of ​​skin (except for a rich pink tint).

These elements seem to rise above the general skin.

There is a separate type of rash called erythema. These rashes are rich in color and can range from red to purple. In addition, this rash has a rather coarse texture.

Petechiae are small specks that differ in color intensity, which is especially visible when they are compared with spots.

Petechiae are distinguished by their single location on the surface of any part of the body. A typical area of ​​their localization is the upper body (neck, shoulders).

Occasionally, petechiae may leave secondary signs (skin peeling or hyperpigmentation).

The occurrence of a rash in an adult, and even more so in a child, is a mandatory reason to consult a doctor. In some cases, such rashes can be symptoms of a serious disease or dysfunction of the vascular bed.

Symptoms

ARVI with a rash is not uncommon; as a rule, some time passes from the onset of catarrhal symptoms to the onset of skin reactions.

The entire period before its manifestation, a person may feel a deterioration in his own condition and sleep disturbances.

After the viral pathogen spreads throughout the body, general intoxication increases, which leads to a sharp increase in physiologically normal body temperature.

In addition, a person suffers from the following symptoms:

• chills;
• weakness;
• increased fatigue;
• pain: muscle, joint;
• lethargy;
• increase in the size of lymph nodes.

A rash that appears on the skin may not develop immediately. Most often, this is an individual reaction of the body to an ingredient included in the medication, or a manifestation of vascular failure. Both cases are a reason for immediate medical consultation. It is very important not to put off visiting the doctor until later, so as not to aggravate the development of dangerous complications.

Main causes of rash

The appearance of a skin rash, as a continuation of a viral disease, may be evidence of an individual reaction of the body to the causative agent of the disease, or a manifestation of high fever or infection. In any case, only a specialist can determine the occurrence of urticaria.

The etiology of rashes that appear on the skin varies. Arising against the background of respiratory pathologies, they can have the following causes:

1. Suppression of human immunity, observed during the development of a viral infection, leads to an increase in the likelihood of developing allergic reactions. This is what leads to the appearance of tiny bubbles on the human body.
2. Rashes can be a simple reaction of the human body to changed washing powder, berries, fruits, exotic foods, dry indoor air, synthetic fabrics, or an allergy to insect bites. It’s just that the moment of their appearance coincides in time with the development of viral diseases, or manifests itself due to a general weakening of the body.
3. The period of treatment for a viral cold may require the use of a number of medications (painkillers, antipyretics, vasoconstrictors). Some of them can put a strong strain on a person’s internal organs, provoking allergic reactions.
4. Erythema infectiosum may be a reaction to a pathological process occurring inside the body.
5. Constantly changing thermometer readings can provoke vascular reactions, which often occur in babies.
6. Attachment of bacterial (runny nose, cough) and other infections. For example, a very dangerous meningococcal disease, which is additionally accompanied by headaches.

Features

A rash on the body, in the presence of a viral infection, does not appear immediately. To distinguish it from other infectious pathologies, it is not necessary to have a medical education. The following distinctive properties are characteristic of such pathologies:

• if we are talking about chickenpox, then the red bubbles first have a single appearance, their internal contents are homogeneous (in addition, the disease is accompanied by high fever);
• measles elements are characterized by a minimal size; they are very abundantly scattered on the surface of the skin. The dermis may or may not be hyperemic, and the location of such a rash does not matter;
• allergic reactions resemble spots that develop in the presence of ARVI; they are distinguished by their large size and blurred outlines;
• in the presence of dermatitis, the spots are much larger, they can become covered with crusts and scales;
• pathologies from the vascular system have the appearance of an “asterisk”.

Only a specialist with the appropriate education can determine whether a rash belongs to a particular disease with an exact probability. For this purpose, he needs to examine the patient, sometimes requiring the collection of biomaterial, or taking a scraping from the skin surface.

ARVI rash not associated with infection

A rash during ARVI in a child may not always be caused by a viral disease, even if there is an elevated body temperature and other catarrhal symptoms (such as the patient’s cough). Such skin rashes can develop due to nonspecific causes.

The reasons that provoke the appearance of small pink pimples in a person can be:

• allergic reactions of the body that it produces in response to taking antipyretic or antibacterial compounds (for example, antibiotics for the throat often give such a reaction in children). An acute respiratory viral infection can weaken the body's defenses and cause redness of the skin, even in response to the consumption of long-familiar foods. Rashes can appear on different surfaces of the body, the order in which they appear does not matter, and the appearance is quite varied (papules, dots, spots, vesicles). A common symptom is the presence of fairly severe itching;
• vascular reactions of the human body, often developing against the background of changes in body temperature. They often appear when there is severe intoxication of the body. The rash, in this case, has the appearance of bruises, both small and large. It develops due to a disruption in the permeability of the smallest blood vessels due to developed intoxication. Very often this reaction accompanies a sore throat or severe forms of influenza;
• a rash may appear in a child after vaccination, being both its consequence (physiologically normal) and an individual reaction of the child’s body;
• disruption of the sweating process can provoke the development of prickly heat (this pathology can affect not only infants, but also adults). The rashes here are similar to papules; they can merge together or be located at a distance from each other. The rash brings discomfort to a person, causing severe itching and sleep disturbances. To get rid of this condition, it is enough to organize air circulation around the skin and use baths with drying herbal infusions (oak bark, string).

A rash is not always a harmless phenomenon; it can be a symptom of quite formidable, life-threatening pathologies. For example, the appearance of rashes is a characteristic sign of scarlet fever, meningitis, and syphilis.

Similar phenomena can accompany systemic lupus, vasculitis and other diseases. To make an accurate diagnosis and timely prescription of drug therapy, immediate consultation with a doctor is required.

Until a person consults a doctor, he should not use any external means, so as not to blur the picture of the disease and not to complicate the process of diagnosing it.

Treatment of rashes due to ARVI

When redness of the skin does not cause concern to the doctor and does not bother the patient much, to get rid of it you just need to maintain the necessary personal hygiene measures, wear less synthetic products and regularly take air baths.

Various external remedies are indicated for use when a person suffers from severe discomfort. For this purpose, antihistamines and antiallergic ointments (Fenistil) are used. Such compositions should only be applied to affected areas; it is better not to apply them to healthy surfaces.

In addition to ointments, the doctor may also prescribe oral formulations (Claritin, Erius, Zyrtec). This complex therapy gives the best and fastest results.

When the spots cause itching, the use of ointments with corticosteroids (Advantan, Flucinar, Sinaflan) is indicated. These drugs are hormonal based, so their independent use (especially for treating children) is not allowed.

Viral pemphigus of the mouth and extremities (mouth-hand-foot syndrome)

Viral pemphigus of the mouth and extremities (mouth-hand-foot syndrome) is caused by Coxsackie viruses (serotypes A4-A7, A9, A10, A16, B1-B3, B5) and enterovirus (type 71 and 19). First there is fever, fatigue and sore throat. Then bubbles appear on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, tongue, palate, gums and lips. On the hands and feet, papules turn into small blisters (3-7 mm in diameter), which burst, forming slightly painful erosions. The duration of the disease is 1 week, but the virus is excreted in the feces for several more weeks. For more details, see Fever, stomatitis, blisters on the arms, legs and buttocks - Coxsackie virus.

Erysipelas

Erysipelas is an inflammation of the deep layers of the skin caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Against the background of high temperature, the skin has redness with clear contours and slightly raised borders. Swelling, tenderness, sometimes lymphangitis. Erysipelas often develops with nephrotic syndrome.

Treatment of erysipelas: intravenous, intramuscular penicillin (100,000 units/kg per day), ampicillin (100-150 mg/kg per day), cefazolin (100 mg/kg per day), josamycin (or other macrolide).

Suppuration of subcutaneous and deep structures is accompanied by high fever and intoxication. Cellulite is an infiltrate of subcutaneous tissue, phlegmon is its suppuration (staphylococci, GABHS or H. influenzae type b). Necrotizing fasciitis of the deep tissues of the extremity is caused by GABHS. Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) - clostridia (C. perfringens, etc.). Characterized by skin hyperemia, swelling, soreness, with phlegmon - fluctuation; with fasciitis - pain and hyperesthesia with a “calm” picture of local changes; with myonecrosis - crepitus.

Scalded skin syndrome (Ritter's disease in newborns)

The disease is caused by toxins A and B of S. aureus (phagogroup 11, type 71). Bright erythema begins around the mouth, nose, and in parts of the body covered with a diaper; spreading quickly. The skin is very painful and flabby blisters form on it. With the slightest pressure, large areas of skin peel off. The skin looks like it's been burned. Nikolsky's symptom is positive. Healing in 1-2 weeks without scars.

Treatment of scalded skin syndrome: intravenously or intramuscularly: oxacillin - 150 mg/kg per day or cefazolin - 100 mg/kg per day, alternative - vancomycin - 30-40 mg/kg per day, in mild cases - orally cephalexin - 50 mg/day kg per day, for allergies to lactams - clindamycin - 30 mg/kg per day or josamycin 50 mg/kg per day. In newborns, anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin or plasma is also used. Locally: toilet with 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate, antibacterial ointments.

Urticarial rashes are blisters that are very itchy. The blisters disappear without a trace within a few hours.

Allergy to insect bites

There are people whose body reacts to even the smallest bite of any small insect, and as a result a severe allergy occurs. However, its manifestations are different. Allergies to insect bites do not go away immediately. Usually, with age, in many people, sensitivity to bites only increases and painful reactions occur more often.

Quite often a person has a genetic predisposition to allergies.

Poor ecology, rare walks in nature, the presence of any diseases - all this only increases the already increased vulnerability to attacks of all kinds of substances, which in turn increases the risk of developing an allergy to insect bites. The seriousness of this allergy also lies in the fact that absolutely any insect can bite.

What types of insects can trigger allergies?

The most powerful allergens in insects are found in their venom and saliva. However, it happens that allergic reactions also form to small chitinous hairs, particles of integument or excrement. But, the most serious attacks of allergy to insect bites occur when a person is stung by a hymenoptera insect.

At least 7% of all cases of allergy attacks relate to reactions to bee stings; slightly fewer cases involve poisons from insects such as bumblebees, hornets and wasps.

An allergy to insect bites also occurs when the bite was received from the following insects: midges, fleas, mosquitoes, bedbugs, that is, from those insects that cannot sting, but this happens quite rarely. Hymenoptera venom acts so aggressively because of the special components it contains. Take for example bee venom, which contains substances such as:

1. Melitin - this compound promotes the destruction of red blood cells, causes severe inflammation, muscle spasms and disrupts tissue metabolism, in addition, reduces blood clotting. 2. Apamin - this protein is similar to the neurotoxins found in the venom of snakes and scorpions, causing great stimulation of the nervous system. 3. Hyaluronidase - with the help of this substance, the poison spreads throughout the human body. 4. Phospholipase A - due to this substance, the inflammatory process worsens and hemolysis of red blood cells is stimulated. 5. Histamine – dilates blood vessels and promotes inflammation.

In addition, a special protein found in bee venom forces mast cells in already damaged tissues to produce their own histamine, which in turn forces allergic reactions to insect bites to be activated. The difference between wasp venom and bee venom is that it contains kinin, which dilates blood vessels, contracts smooth muscles, and which, in addition, provokes severe inflammation.

But hornet venom contains acetylcholine, which causes heart contractions to slow down, blood pressure to decrease, and muscles to contract. An allergy to a hornet sting can begin instantly, or can be detected only after a few minutes, and very rarely after several hours.

In the absence of sensitization to a specific allergen, the damaged area of ​​the skin will only turn slightly red, and swelling and mild itching will appear.

However, these manifestations usually disappear quickly, leaving no traces.

In cases where sensitization is present, the body begins to react much more intensely, and then the allergic reaction is not limited to local symptoms alone.

Allergies to insect bites can manifest themselves in different ways, that is, they differ in both their symptoms and the nature of their severity. In particular, manifestations may be as follows:

• Local – the presence of acute pain, swelling, hyperemia, swelling or induration, as well as itching and various rashes. • Generalized - here you can observe symptoms such as urticaria, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, weakness in the body, fever with and without chills, dizziness, inability to breathe deeply, decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse, heart pain, fainting.

An allergy to insect bites in some cases has the ability to provoke such a terrible condition in a person that he can easily die, for example, get Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock. The rashes that appear from insect bites also differ significantly. Skin irritations may appear as blisters, spots, or erosions.

In the most severe cases, a hemorrhagic, bullous and necrotic rash appears. If you scratch damaged skin, there is a risk of infection, then you cannot avoid the appearance of ulcers or even non-healing ulcers.

In some cases, allergies caused by bites cannot be distinguished from other allergic reactions because the skin rash may look the same.

That is why, when a rash of any kind appears, it is necessary to try to find out why it appeared.

What harm can allergies cause to a child?

The reaction of a child’s body to all kinds of allergens is much sharper and longer lasting than that of an adult (although in some cases it happens the other way around). The spots formed after bites left by insects can remain on the body for several days.

Also, quite often in those places where the insect has bitten, it itches very much. Due to this incessant itching, the child begins to scratch the bite site, thereby risking infection, and this poses an additional threat to his health.

In a child with increased sensitization to the venom of stinging insects, after their bite, a rapid development of a strong reaction is possible, and this, in turn, can give rise to angioedema and anaphylactic shock.

The child’s parents should never forget about this: if they discover hives or other symptoms that appear after an insect bite, or if there are general manifestations of allergies, they must immediately show it to the doctor. It is strictly not recommended to treat yourself in this situation, since most medications cannot be taken by young children.

Why is acute allergies so dangerous?

Hives are not the most serious manifestation of an allergy to insect stings. Signs of complete intoxication, constantly decreasing blood pressure, suffocation and collapse pose a significantly greater danger - with such manifestations, a person’s life is at risk.

The worst signs of an allergic reaction to insect bites are angioedema and anaphylactic shock. Quincke's edema, otherwise known as giant urticaria, is the extensive swelling of tissues where the fatty tissue under the skin has a very pronounced appearance. Such swelling occurs when many active substances form in the blood, causing vasodilation.

Large swelling of the larynx along with the tongue also poses a significant threat; here, as a result, asphyxia can develop, and then the person simply dies from suffocation. The swelling that has formed in the brain also poses a great danger; with this development of events, neurological signs may appear in the form of convulsions or paralysis.

If such serious signs of allergy to bites are present, the patient must be hospitalized immediately. Anaphylactic shock occurs when the peripheral and central blood circulation is disrupted due to the influence of active substances entering the blood, moreover, in considerable quantities (for example, serotonin).

The person begins to show anxiety, there is shortness of breath, urination is impaired, and consciousness is confused. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may also occur. The skin also changes its appearance; it becomes cold and damp to the touch, and its color takes on a bluish tint.

When anaphylactic shock develops, the irritations on the skin are very pronounced, in addition they are accompanied by very acute pain and increasing swelling. Itching from one place begins to rapidly spread throughout the body.

Medicines that relieve allergy symptoms

Medicines that are prescribed for various signs of allergies formed after an insect bite are divided into categories:

• Antihistamines • Drugs that stabilize mast cells • Glucocorticoids • Symptomatic drugs

Currently, second and third generation blockers are usually prescribed among antihistamines. These drugs do not put pressure on the nervous system; they do not cause cardiotoxic or hepatotoxic effects and last longer.

The most widely used drug for allergies is Claritin. But it is still necessary to point out that in some cases first-generation drugs are prescribed, and this is justified by the fact that although their effect is short-lived, relief comes somewhat faster.

What else you need to know

Taking medications such as Diazolin, Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, etc.

n, we must not forget that such medications can also cause an allergic reaction, not excluding Quincke's edema, although this happens relatively rarely.

There are also folk remedies that will help remove rashes caused by bites. These include: alcohol tincture of calendula, onion, plantain and lemon juice and soda solution.

Places that are affected by bites must be wiped with tincture of milkweed or woodlice (this is a herb) applied to them. The insects themselves can be repelled with essential oils based on cloves, eucalyptus or basil. It is effective to treat minor inflammation caused by bites of various insects with hydrocortisone or other glucocorticosteroids.

How to provide first aid for the very first signs of allergy to insect bites

A person stung by a bee, wasp, or hornet needs help immediately; there is no need to wait for the onset of allergy symptoms. In most cases, the injured person does not even think that something very terrible has happened - a bee stung, but so what, it happens. And yes, usually nothing so terrible happens.

But sometimes it happens that an allergic reaction to an insect bite is formed in such a short time that the count begins to count almost in seconds.

In the event that a bee stings, what needs to be done initially is to quickly pull out the sting with tweezers, because the nearby, barely noticeable sac of poison does not stop contracting and continues to inject its poison under the skin.

If the bite is made by a wasp or hornet, there is no need to look for the sting; these types of insects do not shed it, and therefore have the ability to sting many times. If less than one minute has passed since the moment a person was stung by an insect, sucking out the poison may help, but this must also be done quickly, only 1 minute, while certainly spitting.

Next, you need to slow down the absorption of the poison into the blood, plus try to reduce the size of the swelling caused by the bite. It is possible to slow down the absorption if you apply something cold, such as ice, to the area where the insect has bitten.

If a person has a predisposition to severe allergies, and he is aware that he has such a tendency, but there is no auto-injector with adrenaline available, then when providing him with first aid, additional measures must be taken.

If the bite was made to the leg or arm, you need to apply a tourniquet to the bitten limb - it will help save time, so the poison will no longer quickly spread throughout the body. And be sure to call an ambulance.

Rashes and itching caused by an insect bite will decrease, and maybe completely disappear, if you use special preparations: in particular, sprays or ointments containing panthenol, hormonal ointments, and balms made for children included in the Gardex series and Mosquitall.

What not to do when giving first aid

Drink drinks containing alcohol, as it helps to dilate blood vessels, and under its influence the poison appears in the blood even faster. Cool the bitten area with earth or even clay - the resulting wound may become infected, plus possible infection with tetanus.

There is no need to squeeze out the poison - such an action will only provoke rapid penetration into other tissues. Take Diprazine or other first-generation H1-histamine blockers for very severe allergy symptoms. They will have little effect, but they can greatly lower blood pressure, and this will only complicate the situation.

What to do if the consequences are too serious

Complications caused by allergic reactions are treated exclusively by a doctor. To get rid of strong compression of the larynx, plus normalize the pressure, inhalation of glucocorticosteroids through a nebulizer is used (0.25 mg Budesonide when the stage of stenosis is compensated, 0.5 mg if the stage is subcompensated and 1 mg for third-degree laryngeal stenosis).

Only 3 inhalations are allowed, they are done every 20 minutes. If no improvement is visible, or if a nebulizer is not available, suprastin is given. Systemic glucocorticoids are injected into a vein, but adrenaline is injected subcutaneously. To get rid of choking, use Salbutamol - using an inhaler or nebulizer.

We must not forget that if there are basic signs of an allergy to an insect bite, the injured person must be taken to a medical facility immediately (and be sure to consult with a doctor by phone about what kind of first aid he should be given).

If the people next to the victim have no experience in providing first aid, then the person who has been bitten by an insect is placed on his back, a roll made of clothing is placed under his head, in addition, he is provided with drink and under no circumstances is he allowed to No medications are given.

There have been many cases when, when a powerful allergic reaction occurs, the situation is aggravated by incorrectly provided first aid, so the most correct thing to do is to quickly take the person to the hospital

How to prevent allergies to insect bites

Source: https://aerofrog.ru/articles/allergiya-na-ukusy-nasekomyh/

Acute urticaria

In acute urticaria, there may be a fever. Urticaria must be differentiated from infectious rashes. Elements of true urticaria persist for no more than a day. The rash persists for more than 24 hours with urticarial vasculitis. This may be a symptom of a systemic disease. The blisters are pale pink. Large blisters have a white center and a reddish rim. The shape of the blisters is oval, ring-shaped, arched, bizarre.

Treatment of allergic urticaria is antihistamines and systemic glucocorticosteroids. Glucocorticosteroids are used only when there is a threat of death - Quincke's edema with laryngeal edema or bronchospasm. For intense itching, you can use hormonal creams and ointments locally.

Temperature urticaria

Temperature urticaria

– allergic urticarial dermatosis, which occurs as a response to the action of the temperature factor. The main clinical symptoms are itching and hyperemia, against which monomorphic blisters appear that last no more than 24 hours.

The rash may be accompanied by fever, headache, prodromal phenomena, and intoxication. Temperature urticaria is diagnosed based on history, clinical manifestations and provocative tests.

Therapy consists of eliminating the cause of dermatosis, prescribing antihistamines, desensitizing, anti-inflammatory drugs, and detoxification.

Temperature urticaria is a transient allergic response of the body to heat or cold. This pathology affects about 7% of the world's population. Temperature urticaria was first mentioned in the works of Hippocrates (IV century BC).

The clinical symptoms of the disease were described in detail in the 18th century by the English physician W. Heberden. The discovery of mast cells overloaded with histamine by the German immunologist P. Ehrlich in 1877-79 provided the basis for understanding the pathogenesis of urticaria from the point of view of the formation of urticaria.

In 1961, representatives of the domestic school of dermatology Yu. F. Antsypalovsky and A. P.

Zinchenko proved the priority in the pathogenesis of cold urticaria of special cold receptors that are hypersensitive to low temperatures, which, in combination with the allergic mood of the body, explained the fact of the wave-like course of the pathology and its resistance to therapy.

Temperature urticaria has no gender or age limits.

The non-standard nature of this condition is manifested in its ability to accompany the process of warming up a person, to occur during summer rain, swimming in tropical latitudes, moving from the sun to the shade, etc.

The urgency of the problem at the present stage is associated with the steady increase in the incidence of temperature urticaria, as well as production and economic losses, since dermatosis mainly affects able-bodied patients.

Temperature urticaria

The starting point of the disease is considered to be heat or cold exposure. Heat urticaria is a contact dermatosis, cold urticaria occurs as a reaction of the skin's cold receptors to a decrease in ambient temperature, consumption of ice cream and cold drinks.

In addition, this condition can occur with intravenous administration of drugs whose temperature is below 6 °C.

Sometimes the pathological process is a symptom of other diseases associated with the presence of cold-dependent proteins in the patient’s body (for example, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria).

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing temperature urticaria include parasitic diseases, colds, foci of focal infection in the patient’s body, diseases of the digestive tract, and gynecological pathology. There are hereditary autosomal dominant forms of temperature urticaria.

There is no single concept of the occurrence of pathology. There are immune and non-immune mechanisms for the development of temperature urticaria.

When the skin is exposed to low temperatures, mast cells are activated, from which histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes (LT D4, C4, E4) are released, and vascular permeability increases with the development of edema and the appearance of blisters.

At the same time, the body begins to produce special proteins - cryoglobulins, which additionally stimulate the production of histamine and provoke new allergic rashes.

Rarely, passive transfer of cold hypersensitivity mediated by IgG or IgG-IgM cryoglobulins has been recorded. Contact with cold stimulates the synthesis of IgG autoantibodies to mast cell-associated receptors.

Circulating immune complexes are formed, provoking a vascular reaction similar to the histamine response with protein destruction of cells and the formation of blisters.

Heat urticaria is caused by the release of acetylcholine neurotransmitters from nerve endings under the influence of heat.

In modern dermatology, there are two main forms of temperature urticaria - cold and heat. Cold urticaria occurs as a skin response to low temperatures.

It can be acute (up to 6 weeks) and chronic (more than 6 weeks).

Heat urticaria, which develops in response to high temperatures, is also divided into acute (up to 6 weeks) and chronic (more than 6 weeks).

Cold urticaria includes the following types of pathology:

• Recurrent
  - seasonal (summer months and late spring are excluded), arising from the action of cold water.
• Reflex
  – local, manifested by a rash around the point of contact of the epidermis with the cold, and general, arising due to hypothermia of the entire body. The contact area remains unchanged.
• Familial
  – genodermatosis with autosomal dominant inheritance.
• Cold erythema
  , accompanied by painful hyperemia in the area of ​​contact between the skin and the cold.
• Cold dermatitis
  is a scaly inflammation of the skin in response to exposure to cold.
• Cold rhinitis
  , characterized by symptoms of a runny nose only in the cold.
• Cold conjunctivitis
  , which manifests itself in the cold.

Heat urticaria includes two types:

• The classic local form
  , which occurs at the point of contact of the skin with heat.
• The non-standard cholinergic form
  is a variant of the development of the pathological process in response to heat during physical activity, stress, hot baths, and hot weather.

The main feature of the disease is the monomorphism of the rash and itching. Blisters are localized everywhere, including the skin of the hands, feet, and scalp. The size and appearance of the elements vary significantly - from bubbles with a diameter of several millimeters to drainage elements the size of a palm, with their outlines reminiscent of a geographical map.

The acute form of temperature urticaria is characterized by large blisters that quickly appear and then just as quickly regress; the chronic form is characterized by a small rash that persists on the skin throughout the day. Chronic temperature urticaria is an intensely itchy nocturnal dermatosis, which is caused by the daily rhythm of histamine secretion.

In acute temperature urticaria, the itching is less intense and is absent at night.

Temperature urticaria begins spontaneously with itching and hyperemia. Against the background of erythema, bright pink urticaria appear, swelling increases, which compresses the capillaries of the skin, as a result of which the blisters turn pale. Hemorrhagic rashes are possible.

Subsequently, the blisters begin to regress from the center, taking on the shape of rings. With the development of relapse or chronicity of temperature urticaria, prodromal phenomena with a sharp rise in temperature, arthralgia and dyspepsia are observed.

Temperature urticaria is capable of self-regression and leaves no marks on the skin. Anaphylactic reactions are very rare.

The clinical diagnosis is made by a dermatologist based on the history and monomorphism of the rash, confirmed by provocative tests. For the cold version, the Duncan test is used: ice is placed on the elbow, if after 15 minutes the skin remains inert, there is no urticaria. For a more accurate test, immersion is used by immersing your hand in cold water (below 8 °C) for 5-10 minutes.

The absence of itching and erythema during the test time is a negative result. You can place the patient naked for 10-30 minutes in a cold room with a temperature of 4 °C. In this case, care should be taken to avoid the development of colds or systemic reactions.

An exercise test is also used at 4 °C for 15 minutes, after which the level of cryoglobulins in the blood is determined.

The local form of thermal urticaria is diagnosed using a test with a warm object: a glass of hot water (40–48 °C) is applied to the skin of the forearm for 1-5 minutes or a hand is immersed in water of the same temperature. Inert skin indicates the absence of urticaria.

The common form is confirmed by blistering in a hot bath at a temperature of 40-48 °C or by walking for 30 minutes. Thermal urticaria of the cholinergic variant can also be diagnosed by a skin test with methacholine (blisters with intravenous or subcutaneous administration of the substance).

To exclude other genesis of blisters, a blood test for allergens is performed.

Temperature urticaria is differentiated from insect bites, dermographism, urticarial vasculitis, exudative erythema multiforme, strophulus, hereditary angioedema, mastocytosis, secondary syphilis, Leffler, Wissler-Fanconi, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndromes.

It is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease. For cold urticaria, a combination of second and third generation antihistamines, tranquilizers, desensitizing agents, and M-anticholinergic drugs is indicated.

In severe cases, short courses of corticosteroids are prescribed and detoxification is carried out. In case of anaphylaxis, urgent intravenous or subcutaneous administration of adrenaline is necessary. You can stop an attack yourself using a special pen-syringe with adrenaline.

Local therapy includes warm oatmeal baths, antipruritic and anti-inflammatory drugs, and mash.

In the heat variant, antihistamines are ineffective due to acetylcholine mediators. Gels and ointments based on atropine and belladonna extract are applied to the lesions 1-2 times a day. At the same time, exacerbation of concomitant diseases is stopped, and foci of chronic infection are sanitized.

The prognosis is relatively favorable; in 50% of cases, temperature urticaria resolves spontaneously within a year. In 20% of patients, the pathology becomes chronic and acquires a persistent relapsing course.

Timely and accurate diagnosis and adequate therapy are important, since temperature urticaria in rare cases is complicated by angioedema and anaphylaxis.

Source: //www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_dermatologia/temperature-urticaria

Erythema multiforme

Provoking factors are herpes, mycoplasma infections, medications (barbiturates, penicillin). Round maculopapular plaques increase in size. 3 zones are distinguishable: the brown center is surrounded by a pink swollen zone, and it is surrounded by a red ring. Unlike urticaria, the elements last a week or more. Lesions of the mucous membranes are not typical. Relapses are possible.

Treatment of erythema multiforme: for HSV infection - acyclovir (doses - see above), against the background of mycoplasma - macrolides, in more severe cases - glucocorticosteroids.

We learn to distinguish a bug bite from the bites of other insects, as well as from allergies and ordinary pimples

Bedbugs are small brown-yellow insects that parasitize people. Their food is blood; to obtain it they do not bite, but pierce the skin with their jaws folded into a kind of proboscis. The jaws have two ducts - through one, blood is sucked out of the puncture, through the second, saliva is injected, the composition of which does not allow the blood to quickly clot and the person to feel the bite.

How do bedbugs bite?

Insects are nocturnal hunters living in groups, attacking their prey during the period of deepest sleep - from 2 to 6 am.

Each individual has the ability to recognize the current and pulsation of the victim’s blood, and in search of food tries to get to the most accessible capillary.

The food that a bedbug needs to satiate is twice its own weight; Neither bright light nor noise can scare off an insect that senses blood.

At one time, the parasite sucks up to 1 ml of blood, then moves along the vessel and begins to feed again, making a new puncture 1.5 -2 centimeters higher. During the night, the bloodsucker can make up to 5-6 punctures; the entire feeding period takes up to half an hour in one night. Since insects feed in groups, after the “hunt” large red merging spots remain.

The bedbug larva is externally a miniature copy of an adult insect, but has a translucent body through which the blood-filled stomach is visible. A few minutes are enough to saturate the larvae. The bloodsucker does not go hunting every day. Full feeding allows him not to experience hunger for up to 1.5 weeks.

Bedbug bites are not dangerous to humans - these insects practically do not carry infectious agents, but they cause extremely unpleasant marks on the skin, reminiscent of a painful rash, painful itching, the appearance of a specific body odor, constant irritation and the manifestation of allergy symptoms.

On the skin of the affected person, a characteristic chain of marks remains along the superficial vessels, formed from red swellings with drops of blood at the tops. The distance between them is up to a centimeter. A feeding pest can leave such traces during one night feeding.

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A characteristic feature is the multiplicity of traces (up to 50 or more). No parasitic insect can leave them in such numbers. To provide timely assistance to a bitten person, you need to be able to distinguish bedbug bites from lesions caused by other bloodsuckers.

How to distinguish bedbug bites from fleas?

Fleas are not direct parasites of humans, but can attack them in the absence of animals that serve as a source of food for them. Infected animals bring insects into the room.

There is also a type of bed flea that lives in soft, linty coverings and attacks humans in sleeping areas. During one feeding, the flea bites a person 2-3 times. The main signs of flea bites:

1. they are located on the lower part of the human body, during sleep - on the arms and neck (in places where the skin is especially delicate and thin). Bedbug bites are located all over the body;
2. visually resemble a raised spot, the puncture mark in the center is hardly noticeable, located in small groups in contrast to the multiple, pronounced, swollen tubercles from punctures of bed bloodsuckers, formed into characteristic paths;
3. Due to the lack of specific anesthetic enzymes in the saliva of fleas, their attacks are extremely painful and very itchy. A bug bite is not felt directly, but a flea bite resembles an injection.
4. the bites of these parasites can cause severe allergic reactions.

Fleas are carriers of serious diseases, unlike bed parasites, which do not pose such a danger.

How to distinguish a bug bite from a lice?

Lice are common human parasites. They can be pubic, bed and head. The parasite's body produces special enzymes that have an anesthetic effect on the skin and reduce the sensitivity of the victim. Lice bites have a number of characteristic features that distinguish them from the feeding marks of other parasites:

1. there are no paths characteristic of bedbugs, traces of lice feeding are single and chaotic, scattered throughout the body without a specific system;
2. bite marks from the linen variety of the parasite are located in places where the infected clothing is tightly attached to the skin and represent a sensitive swelling;
3. lice inject an anesthetic enzyme into the wound, leaving behind swollen tubercles; in bedbugs they are larger;
4. the consequences of a lice attack can be purulent inflammation of the skin (pyoderma), they are capable of carrying pathogens of severe diseases - typhoid and fever;
5. traces of the vital activity of lice provoke bluish specific skin lesions at the puncture sites, which does not occur after bedbugs.

How to distinguish bedbug bites from mosquito bites?

Externally, mosquito bites are very similar to traces of bedbug activity - swollen red itchy bumps, they are easy to confuse in the summer.

But there are differences:

1. mosquito buzzing precedes an attack, bedbugs attack silently;
2. mosquitoes can attack a person at any time of the day, bedbugs only at night;
3. traces of mosquito activity are chaotic and isolated, in contrast to the characteristic paths.
4. swelling after a mosquito bite has clearer lower boundaries.

Mosquito activity is observed only in the warm season; bedbugs are capable of constant attack without taking into account the seasons.

How to distinguish bedbug bites from allergies?

A characteristic feature of the parasite’s bites are tubercles with a puncture in the center, arranged in a chain. With severe lesions, bite marks may merge, forming red spots.

Skin manifestations of allergies are defined by red spots of a small rash with severe itching. They can be located in various places throughout the body. The rash is usually accompanied by additional manifestations of irritation of the mucous membrane - rhinitis, lacrimation, sore throat, swelling of the face.

The situation can be complicated by a person’s individual reaction to a bedbug attack - the anesthetic enzyme they secrete is a powerful allergen, to which the human body responds with a characteristic reaction:

• intolerable itching at the bite sites, their swelling and enlargement;
• redness of the skin, manifestations of urticaria;
• swelling of the mucous membranes, lacrimation, rhinitis;
• shortness of breath due to bronchospasm;
• Quincke's edema in especially severe cases;
• manifestations of anaphylactic shock.

Swelling of the face and larynx, inability to breathe and loss of consciousness are extreme manifestations of an allergy to bedbugs. Medical attention is needed to relieve these symptoms.

With strong sensitivity, a strong reaction, especially in children, can be caused by single attacks, inhalation of traces of insect activity - excrement, chitinous powder.

How to distinguish bedbug bites from pimples?

Parasite bites are defined as swollen tubercles with a mark on the surface, they are located in the shape of a path. Pimples differ from them in appearance and can be:

• open with an abscess on the surface, the contents of which are easily separated;
• closed subcutaneous, causing severe pain.

Insect marks can be located all over the body in areas where the skin is softest and thinnest. Pimples are most often located in areas of the greatest accumulation of sebaceous glands - on the back, face, and less often on the shoulders and arms, because the main reason for their appearance is clogging of pores with waste products of the skin. Their placement is chaotic, in contrast to pronounced chains of bites.

In some cases, acne is caused by infectious diseases. In such cases, they appear in a certain order on parts of the body, have characteristic signs (form pustules, as with chickenpox, for example), or a solid spot, as with rubella.

How to distinguish bedbug bites from midges?

The midge attacks humans in open areas, unlike parasites living indoors. Small black insects do not pierce, but cut off the skin, after which the bite site swells and begins to itch. It takes 10-15 days for the lesions to heal.

Conclusion

No one can be immune from the bites of voracious parasites. They can attack in hotels during vacation or travel, or when visiting relatives or friends. The ability to distinguish traces of insect attacks will help you react in a timely manner and protect yourself and your loved ones from unpleasant consequences.

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Erythema nodosum

Against the background of fever, painful bluish ulcerating nodes appear on the legs, less often on the arms, in half of the patients with pain in the joints. They can be a symptom of infection (streptococcal, fungal, mycobacterial, yersinia) or a consequence of the action of sulfonamides, penicillin. Most often, this disease does not become chronic.

Hemorrhagic rash is bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes. Small hemorrhages up to 2 mm are petechiae. Large spots are ecchymoses or bruises. The hemorrhagic rash does not turn pale when pressed (see glass test).

For hemorrhagic rash, the blood test includes the platelet count and prothrombin content. Differential diagnosis: Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura - Werlhof's disease, serum sickness, meningococcemia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).

Meningococcemia

A hemorrhagic rash (that does not disappear with pressure) may indicate meningococcemia. At the beginning of the disease, hemorrhages are isolated and small - an antibiotic can stop the further development of the disease. In the absence of treatment, the course is often lightning fast, shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome with hemorrhage in the adrenal glands develop.

Treatment of meningococcemia: administration (intravenously) of ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg per day), cefotaxime (150 mg/kg per day), ampicillin or penicillin (200 mg/kg per day) + high doses of glucocorticosteroids, anti-shock measures.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurs in the Ural and a number of other regions. HFRS is caused by hantaviruses, their reservoir is rodents. HFRS is a high temperature, red eyes, subcutaneous hemorrhages - petechiae and ecchymoses, bleeding, kidney damage with the development of acute renal failure.

The diagnosis of hemorrhagic fevers is confirmed serologically.

Treatment of hemorrhagic fevers: symptomatic; for CCHF and HFRS, ribavirin is administered (intravenously slowly - 33 mg/kg, then every 6 hours - 16 mg/kg for 4 days).

Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by staphylococcal toxins TSS-1, phagogroup 1, type 29 (in women who use tampons during menstruation, rarely with abscesses and sinusitis) or group A bethemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) types 1, 3, 18 (usually with infected elements chickenpox). Against the background of high temperature, a pinpoint scarlet-like rash appears all over the body on a bright red background. Often bright mucous membranes, “crimson” tongue, redness of the eyes, muscle pain, decreased blood pressure. Later, vomiting, diarrhea, shock with multiple organ disorders, and coagulopathy appear. Toxic shock is severe and can lead to death. On the 7-10th day, peeling of the hands and feet occurs.

Treatment of toxic shock syndrome: intravenous oxacillin - 200 mg/kg per day or cefazolin - 150 mg/kg per day, alternative - vancomycin at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day, preferably with clindamycin at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day, which, by suppressing microbial cell protein synthesis, it reduces the production of toxin and antiphagocytic M protein. Remove the vaginal tampon; carry out anti-shock measures.

Honored Doctor V.K. Tatochenko compiled the main signs of infectious rashes in a table. To make a diagnosis, see Differential diagnosis of exanthems (rashes).

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Fever as one of the symptoms of allergies: treatment of fever and possible complications

Often, with skin and other reactions to an allergen, a person’s body temperature rises. This is how the immune system responds to foreign substances. Body temperature with allergies in adults and children can rise differently - in each specific case everything is strictly individual.

How does an allergic reaction develop?

When foreign agents enter the body, it begins to fight them by producing large amounts of histamines.

They are responsible for bronchial and gastric secretion, dilate blood vessels and increase their permeability.

Therefore, a person’s blood pressure rises, a lot of mucus is released, and the level of gastric juice secretion increases. At the same time, the amount of urine excreted per day is significantly reduced.

Elevated temperature and fever are not considered the main manifestations of allergies. These symptoms indicate the invasion of viruses or bacteria into the body. They are the ones who lead to the development of the inflammatory process.

In some cases, the temperature rises due to intoxication of the body. Many toxins are strong allergens. Cases where an allergic reaction is accompanied by fever are called atypical allergies.

Within what limits can body temperature fluctuate?

It can rise from 37 degrees to 40. When an allergic reaction is accompanied by an infectious inflammatory process, the fever cannot be brought down even with antipyretic drugs. Additionally, it may be accompanied by shortness of breath, arrhythmia and nausea. The fever can persist from a couple of minutes to several hours.

The temperature with allergic rhinitis does not rise above 37 degrees.

What are the main symptoms that accompany allergies?

Allergy fever is accompanied by:

• itching;
• rashes, especially on the arms and legs;
• the appearance of swelling on the face and upper respiratory tract;
• runny nose and increased lacrimation;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• increased sweating and chills;
• nausea and urge to vomit.

These symptoms do not necessarily appear all at once. Each type of allergen has its own clinical picture. It depends on the location of histamine release and the receptors with which it interacts. When it increases capillary permeability, swelling, runny nose and sneezing are observed.

In what cases does the temperature rise?

Temperature with allergies occurs against the background of:

• Acute inflammatory disease. These are tronzilitis, stomatitis, laryngitis and other pathologies.
• Existing chronic infectious inflammation. This can be either a grape tooth or hepatitis of the liver.

In this case, an increased reading on the thermometer is the result of a combination of an allergic and infectious process. The heat lasts for quite a long time. A person is worried about a dry cough, increased sweating, and general signs of poisoning. All these symptoms indicate serious problems in the body, so you need to seek help from a doctor.

Also, the cause of fever can be hypersensitization of the body. In this case, the person is extremely sensitive to external stimuli.

In adults

In people over 60 years of age, symptoms of an allergic reaction are mild. Their temperature rarely rises due to allergies, only when a large amount of allergen has entered the body. Basically, it accompanies serum sickness and does not rise above 38 degrees.

In children

Mothers often ask: can there be an elevated temperature due to allergies in children? Yes, because a child’s body is more sensitive to a variety of irritants. Children are more likely to react with fever to allergens than adults.

Allergic manifestations on the body of a child

When conducting an examination, doctors take into account that allergies are rarely accompanied by fever, so they consider possible diseases. If they are excluded, but there is a temperature, then an allergy is diagnosed. A couple of days after the onset of fever, other manifestations of an allergic reaction occur. This is a rash, itching, rhinitis, burning. The temperature for allergies in children rarely exceeds 38 degrees.

It is worth noting that allergies in children can only manifest themselves as fever; this is not typical for adults. The baby’s immune system may react negatively to the administration of any drug or vaccination.

Pregnancy and allergies

Pregnant women should be urgently hospitalized if there is any increase in temperature. Only in a hospital will they be able to accurately determine the cause of the fever and prescribe the correct treatment.

On a note! Temperature due to allergies in pregnant women appears much less frequently. This is explained by a decrease in immunity during pregnancy. The body reacts to allergens to a lesser extent.

The most common manifestation of an allergic reaction in a pregnant woman is rhinitis.

What type of allergy causes fever?

There are several types of allergic reactions. All of them can be accompanied by fever. Most often it appears when:

• Insect bites. Arthropods use poisons for defense. Many of them are protein compounds. The body, increasing its temperature, destroys them. This allergic reaction has clear symptoms. The person experiences changes in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and pain in the area of ​​the bite. If you are allergic to insect bites, the temperature can reach up to 39 degrees. Hypersensitivity to bees is accompanied by a rash, itching, swelling, burning and pressure changes. In children, it can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes.
• Food allergies. The body reacts more calmly to food than to other allergens. The temperature for food allergies does not exceed 37.5 degrees. Along with it, a person experiences stomach pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Dyes and monosodium glutamate contained in products can cause an allergic reaction.
• Allergic bronchial asthma. The disease develops mainly at a young age. Allergens in this case are pollen, dust, mold, and animal epidermis. Much less often, fever in asthma occurs due to food allergies.
• Allergies to medications. The main signs are itching, burning, rashes, swelling, and in rare cases, temperature. This is the most dangerous form. In this case, the allergen enters the body in large quantities. Some medications inhibit the activity of enzymes that catalyze the histamine reaction. This process in a healthy body is controlled by enzymes. They are produced by the intestines. Some medications interfere with its functioning. The body can react negatively to radiopaque contrast agents, cephalosporins and aspirin.

To improve tissue respiration in newborns, Cytochrome C is used. This drug can cause fever and chills. Lekozym also causes general malaise. It is often used by traumatologists.

Sulfonamides, Metronidazole and Tetraclycycline can cause large red spots, fever and damage to internal organs. Timely treatment in this case will relieve complications.

Sometimes antibacterial agents can give a fever. Avoiding the use of the drug will help you get rid of unpleasant sensations if:

• Pollinosis. The body can react negatively to wool, fluff or pollen. This type of allergy manifests itself with rhinitis, cough, asthma, bronchitis, lacrimation and body temperature up to 37.5 degrees. In cases where otitis media, bacterial conjunctivitis or sinusitis develop in parallel, the thermometer may show 39 degrees. To reduce fever, antihistamines and sprays containing glucocorticosteroids are used. Also wash your eyes and nose. In some cases, an ENT specialist and an ophthalmologist are involved.
• Serum sickness. The body reacts to injected animal proteins with a temperature of up to 38 degrees, headache, increased sweating, rashes and itching. If the fever remains after the administration of histamine, this indicates a concomitant disease. It needs to be diagnosed and treated. Lack of therapy will lead to anaphylactic shock and death of the patient.

There may also be a fever from allergies to cosmetics. This includes hairsprays, hair dyes and eau de toilette. Seasonal allergies can also cause fever. In this case, contact with the allergen must be prolonged, without appropriate treatment. The secreted mucus enters the respiratory system, causing inflammation, which leads to fever.

High fever with urticaria

Rashes and high fever with urticaria are symptoms of various pathologies. They indicate not only allergies, but also poisoning, infection or the development of a disease.

In adults, the temperature with urticaria ranges from 37 degrees to 37.9. It is easier to tolerate when the area of ​​skin affected is small. It usually does not pose a serious threat to health.

Young children are more susceptible to urticaria and fever. The fever exhausts him, and the accompanying diarrhea and vomiting leads to dehydration. The medications taken may lead to a new outbreak of the rash, the development of Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock . Therefore, you should not give antibiotics without consulting a pediatrician.

Fever due to urticaria is treated by taking antihistamines, following a diet, and avoiding contact with harsh chemicals. There is no point in eliminating fever with antipyretics.

Can body temperature drop due to allergies?

Does it happen that the temperature decreases due to allergies? Yes, this phenomenon is rare, but possible. Sometimes the temperature drops during the initial stages of anaphylactic shock . A person’s blood pressure also drops, their pulse quickens, and they break out in a cold sweat. In this case, you must call an ambulance.

Before the team arrives, the person must be laid down and covered with a blanket. If possible, clear the airways.

Also, body temperature may drop due to serum sickness and food allergies in children. In this case, treatment is aimed at eliminating the allergic reaction, and not at increasing the temperature.

How does temperature differ between allergies and colds?

The temperature can also rise against the background of other diseases similar to allergies, for example:

• Rubella. During this disease, the rash is observed only on the face. The temperature is easily reduced with antipyretic drugs. It is not possible to reduce the fever due to allergies.
• Chicken pox. The heat develops quickly and blisters spread throughout the body. After three days they begin to gradually disappear. In case of an allergic reaction, blisters on the body persist for quite a long time.
• Scabies. The main symptom is itching at night. With allergies, it bothers you even during the day.
• ARVI. Usually manifests itself as weakness, muscle pain, and aching joints. Unlike allergies, a cold can go away within a few days.

To understand whether an allergy or some disease caused the increase in temperature, you need to consult a therapist or pediatrician. There is no point in treating a fever on your own!

Treatment

It happens that an allergy temperature of up to 38 degrees goes away on its own. If the indicator is higher, breathing problems, dizziness and nausea appear, then you need to call an ambulance.

If a child has a fever due to allergies, he or she must be shown to a doctor. This will help prevent the development of serious pathology, which externally resembles an allergic reaction of the body.

Drug therapy

In cases where there is an allergy and fever, doctors prescribe antihistamines. In most cases, this is:

• Levocetirizine. It is available in 10 ml tablets. It should not be used by pregnant women, children and people with kidney disease. Causes a number of side effects, such as loss of appetite, itching, vomiting, nausea.
• Zyrtec. In the form of drops, it is used for children over 2 years old. Adults and children over 12 years of age should take one tablet daily. Contraindications are pregnancy and kidney failure.
• Khiferadine. Adults are prescribed two tablets three times a day. Side effects include the possibility of sedation and dyspeptic disorders.
• Loratodine. Available in the form of syrup and tablets. It acts quickly, the effect lasts throughout the day. Adults should take one tablet per day, children half. And for children under two years old in the form of syrup. Contraindicated for pregnant women in the first trimester.

For allergies in children, doctors prescribe medications without aromatic additives. Do not use multi-component products in powder form to relieve fever.

Skin rashes in adults are treated with hormonal ointments. For children, non-hormonal drugs are used.

Treating fever for bronchial asthma must be strictly under the supervision of a doctor!

Folk recommendations for fighting the disease

In cases where the immune system has reacted to medications and insect bites, herbal infusions can be used. Herbs such as chamomile, linden, willow or oak roots reduce the temperature. These products are not suitable for children under 3 years of age.

Important! Any folk remedies in the presence of allergies should be used only after consultation with an allergist.

At fever, doctors are allowed to drink warm milk with honey, tea with medicinal herbs, lemon or raspberries. But remember that if you have a food allergy, these drinks should be avoided.

If your child has a fever, you should not self-medicate. It is necessary to call a pediatrician at home. Before his arrival, you need to create comfortable conditions for the baby.

The room temperature should be about 20°C, humidity no more than 60%. The room should be ventilated regularly. To prevent dehydration, your child should be given a warm drink.

The use of antihistamines is allowed.

Possible complications

The most dangerous complication is anaphylactic shock . It can be recognized by pale skin, thready pulse, low blood pressure, fainting, difficulty breathing, increased sweating and general malaise. In this case, urgent medical intervention is necessary.

Don't think that allergies are a harmless disease. Lack of proper treatment can lead to permanent dermatoses, rhinitis, urticaria and bronchial asthma.

Source: https://allergy-med.ru/zabolevaniya/temperatura-pri-allergii