Immunoglobulin tests: if you have allergies
The content of the article
For many years, eliminating sources of allergies remains the best method of getting rid of this problem. Naturally, to exclude allergens, they must first be detected. This is precisely why immunoglobulin tests are carried out, which are an obligatory part of a comprehensive diagnosis of allergies.
Having received the results, the doctor judges the presence of allergies not by the clinical reaction (symptoms), but by the level of antibodies - proteins - immunoglobulins of class E (IgE). Immunoglobulin E controls allergic reactions and destroys parasites.
Adenoids. 3rd degree. Child from 3 to 7
Hi all. child is 5.5 years old. We had an ENT visit: hearing loss due to the accumulation of fluid behind the eardrums, snoring at night, nasal congestion without snot. sent for regtgen and a blood test for total immunoglobulin E. Blood: 85 (normal 60). They told me to take a detailed test for inhalation allergens.
And this fluid in the middle ear is rubbish, we now live in a dry and warm climate, and then in September (we had 40, if anything, the viruses hadn’t even started yet), otitis media - not a single antibiotic from the 4 groups took it, I had to put drainage tubes in the membrane. Since then (ttt) I haven’t been sick.
I think with horror what would have happened if we lived in Moscow, where doctors are so against the removal of adenoids and only heard about these tubes at lectures. Health to your child!
Why is a test for total immunoglobulin IgE taken?
Testing for total immunoglobulin IgE is an important element in the comprehensive diagnosis of allergies. The human body, when in contact with an allergen - household, food, pollen, etc., produces an immune response, which is accompanied by the production of immunoglobulins. In particular, immunoglobulins appear in the blood - Ig class E. Antibodies are present in the blood serum and are detected during analysis. This component remains in the body for about 5 days, maximum two weeks.
The level of immunoglobulin E depends on the gender, age and weight of the patient. Let's say, for a 17-year-old boy, the normal value does not exceed 90 IU/ml. In patients with allergies, the level of specific IgE antibodies is sharply increased.
However, if a
analysis of total immunoglobulins in children or adults shows the norm, this does not mean the absence of allergies. About 30% of allergic diseases do not lead to an increase in the rate. And if there are serious suspicions that the patient has an allergy, the doctor must conduct an analysis for specific immunoglobulins to different groups of allergens and to individual allergens.
Why do you need to be tested for specific antibodies?
Diagnostics of antibodies of the IgE and IgG classes establishes the patient’s body’s reaction to specific groups of substances, and also determines the nature of these reactions. For example, immunoglobulin G is involved in allergic reactions that are of the delayed type, that is, the body’s reaction occurs only several hours (sometimes days) after the allergen penetrates it. While class E antibodies are involved in immediate-type reactions, in other words, it takes only a few minutes for the body to respond to the penetration of the allergen.
Features of administration, course and dosage
For children over five years of age, as well as for adults, this drug is prescribed for hay fever with various clinical manifestations, urticaria in recurrent forms, bronchial atopic asthma, allergic dermatoses, Quincke's edema. This drug is administered intramuscularly into the upper outer square of the buttock muscle, as well as into the anterior outer femoral region, two milliliters, that is, two doses. The course of antiallergic immunoglobulin injections includes five injections with an interval of four days between them.
For children aged from one to five years, if they suffer from mild atopic dermatitis, dermo-respiratory syndrome (the disease must be no more than a year old), one milliliter of the drug (that is, one dose) is administered intramuscularly into the femoral anterior outer area , five times, the interval between them is also four days. For hay fever, bronchial atopic asthma, atopic dermatitis and the moderate form of dermorespiratory syndrome, as well as when the disease has been more than one year old, two milliliters of the drug are administered in the same regimen.
The therapeutic course of human antiallergic immunoglobulin is repeated after four to five months. Patients with hay fever should be treated once a year, one or two months before the next seasonal exacerbation.
Before administering the injection, the ampoule with the drug in it must be kept at a temperature of eighteen to twenty-two degrees Celsius. The ampoules should be opened and administered only if all aseptic and antiseptic rules are scrupulously observed.
Taking into account the high viscosity of the drug, and also in order to avoid the appearance of foam, it is necessary to draw immunoglobulin into a syringe with a needle having a wide lumen. A different needle is used to administer the injection. The drug cannot be stored in an opened ampoule. Also, it cannot be used if the marking and integrity of the ampoules is damaged, if the physical properties have changed (color, indestructible flakes, clouding of the solution), as well as if the temperature conditions of storage are violated. This is confirmed by the instructions for antiallergic immunoglobulin.
How is the analysis performed?
If immunoglobulin tests to determine allergens, blood is always taken from a vein. Then a test is carried out for groups of allergens that are suspected by the doctor. The set of tests is determined after observing when the patient experiences allergic reactions. Each test belongs to a specific panel of allergens, which combine the following groups of specific immunoglobulins:
- household allergens;
- allergens of mold fungi;
- plant allergens;
- helminth allergens;
- occupational allergens;
- animal allergens;
- food allergens.
This list is very long, since all allergen panels include at least 2-3 specific items (in some cases this figure reaches several dozen). In most cases, the doctor will send the patient for tests from groups of specific immunoglobulins that seem most likely. Carrying out such tests allows you to diagnose allergic reactions to dogs, cats and other pets, and detect allergies to a variety of plants. If the patient has a food allergy, this technique is most effective.
Do you need any preparation for testing?
Tests for immunoglobulins for allergies must be carried out on an empty stomach; two days before this, it is advisable to abstain from spicy and fatty foods, and avoid drinking alcohol. No other preparation is required.
Immunoglobulin tests for anemia
Anemia is a condition of the body in which there is a reduction in hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells in a person’s blood. The result of this may be insufficient oxygen supply to the body tissues, and there is a risk of developing heart failure. An immunoglobulin test is a mandatory element of diagnosis if anemia is suspected.
Every year, approximately 1,360,000 cases of anemia are registered in the Russian Federation, and this figure is gradually increasing.
When to get tested
The disease can reveal itself through the following symptoms:
- weakness, fatigue even in the morning, difficulty breathing during exercise;;
- pallor (this is especially expressed on the eyelids, gums and bases of the nails);
- mild excitability and rapid heartbeat;
- inability to concentrate;
- brittle nails;
- small cracks in the corners of the mouth;
- inflamed smooth tongue;
- blood impurities in the stool and so on.
Share positive results. Pediatric medicine
My child is almost 11 years old, he has had an allergy around his lips for a long time, well, he takes antihistamines, but it still manifests itself from time to time. Sometimes even to the point of bleeding. My husband also has this sometimes. I wonder if it might go away with age? We went to the orthodontist, they prescribed him a silicone trainer, well, at first he walked with it, but then somehow he gave up, I don’t know, maybe this trainer is no longer suitable for him, does he need a new one? It cost then 8 thousand before the crisis :( Well, what should we do, start this orthodontic epic all over again? Or damn it.
It is necessary to donate blood from a vein to a food allergen panel and skin tests. We were diagnosed with milk and fish intolerance by blood, removed it from the diet as much as possible, and in the end, after 2 years it outgrew it—neither blood nor tests revealed a reaction. done in the same place by the same doctor. so it was definitely not a scam for money (and there was no treatment as such - long-term diet, topical Bactroban ointment).
correctly wrote about ultrasound of all abdominal organs, blood for biochemistry
Immunoglobulin tests for anemia
As part of the analysis, the concentration of immunoglobulins of classes G, A, ME, D in the patient’s blood is studied.
- IgG immunoglobulins.
These are antiparasitic and anti-infective antibodies that can kill a fungus, virus or infection and prevent them from developing. In addition, this immunoglobulin is responsible for the dehydration of toxins that are produced by the pathogen. It is IgG that guarantees fetal immunity during pregnancy and is responsible for maintaining long-term immunity. - IgA immunoglobulins.
Antibodies support local mucosal immunity. Their work is activated during skin infections. An increase in the level of IgA immunoglobulins can occur due to intoxication, chronic liver diseases, and alcoholism. - IgM immunoglobulins
. They are called anxiety antibodies, the number of these antibodies increases rapidly at the beginning of any disease; in fact, they serve as rapid response agents, guaranteeing the primary protection of the human body in case of infection. - Immunoglobulins IgD, IgE.
These antibodies belong to the category of specific antibodies; in the body of a healthy person, their appearance is possible in the case of atopic allergies and worms.
Test for total immunoglobulin
sets the concentration of certain antibodies. This information makes it possible to diagnose a potential disease. As a rule, a test for immunoglobulins is an element of a comprehensive diagnosis necessary to make a correct diagnosis.
How to prepare for immunoglobulin tests for anemia
If the patient is to undergo tests for immunoglobulins, it is advisable to completely avoid fatty and fried foods two days before the examination, and alcoholic beverages are also prohibited. As a rule, the examination is carried out in the morning; 8 hours before the patient should not eat (the amount of plain water is not limited). No other preparation for the study is required.
Mysterious immunoglobulins: deciphering the analysis
Certain classes of immunoglobulins tell the dermatologist about the dynamics and stages of the disease, which makes it possible to predict risks and prescribe diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to the patient correctly.
Of course, without a medical education, a person will not be able to correctly decipher immunoglobulin tests on his own, but you can still understand whether there is cause for concern.
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Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulins are a protective factor of human mucous membranes and belong to the b-globulin fraction. The concentration of class A antibodies in the patient's body is approximately 15% of the total number of immunoglobulins in the blood serum. These antibodies are found in saliva, mucous secretions, tear fluid, and milk.
Normally, the results of an immunoglobulin A test should not go beyond 0.9-4.5 g/l. If the indicators do not correspond to the norm, the following reasons are possible:
- An increase in the concentration of class A antibodies may indicate chronic liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, myeloma.
- Reduced concentration - about radiation sickness, taking immunosuppressants, poisoning (xylene, gasoline, toluene), liver cirrhosis, and so on.
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M belongs to the γ-globulin fraction, its concentration in the body is approximately 10% of the total concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum. It is class M antibodies that appear first after the introduction of an antigen. The IgM group includes blood group antibodies, anti-infective antibodies, and rheumatoid factor.
Immunoglobulin M test
Normally it should show 0.5-3.5 g/l. If the indicators deviate from the norm, this may indicate the following problems.
- An increased concentration of class M antibodies in the patient’s body may indicate acute fungal, viral, parasitic and bacterial infections, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, candidiasis.
- A reduced concentration of class M antibodies in the patient’s blood can serve as a signal for splenectomy, taking cytostatics, antidepressants, radiation sickness, poisoning (xylene, toluene).
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G belongs to the γ-globulin fraction, its concentration in the body is 70-75% of the number of immunoglobulins in the blood serum as a whole. Supports passive immunity.
Normally, an analysis for immunoglobulin G should show a value in the range of 7-17 g/l. If the test results are not normal, the problem may be as follows.
- Excessive concentrations of class G antibodies may indicate chronic and acute infectious diseases, infectious mononucleosis, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, HIV, rheumatism.
- Reduced concentration indicates physiological contraction in children under six months, radiation sickness, liver cirrhosis, poisoning (gasoline, toluene, xylene) and so on.
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin E controls the allergic reactions that occur and takes on the function of destroying parasites.
- If immunoglobulin E is elevated, one can assume that the patient has atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergic rhinitis and hay fever, the presence of worms, myeloma, bronchial asthma, allergies to medications and foods.
- If immunoglobulin E is low, this is also bad. This condition is observed with tumors, Louis-Barr syndrome, and hereditary hypogammaglobulinemia.
Where to get tested for immunoglobulins in St. Petersburg
You can undergo tests for immunoglobulins at your own request (for example, if you have allergy symptoms) or as prescribed by your attending physician at the Diana Medical Center in St. Petersburg. Taking tests with us provides the following advantages: the accuracy of the results, the speed of obtaining them, the absence of queues and affordable prices. Here you can get advice from an experienced specialist about decoding.
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Side effects
During therapy, some patients note that they experience a short and minor exacerbation of the underlying disease. Rarely in the first few days the body temperature rises to subfebrile levels, and local reactions are observed in the places where the drug was administered. Such symptoms are not a prerequisite for stopping treatment with the drug.
If a person taking Antiallergic Immunoglobulin experiences severe general reactions in the form of decreased blood pressure, nausea, dizziness, weakness, or a severe exacerbation of the underlying disease, treatment with this drug should be stopped.
It is necessary to cancel the course of therapy if a person gets sick with influenza or ARVI.
Before starting treatment, the patient should receive information that if the condition worsens, he should immediately inform the attending physician.
