Allergy to faces during pregnancy: causes, diagnosis. What to do if you have an allergy on your face during pregnancy

Often, women who develop allergies during pregnancy turn to an allergist; only the doctor decides how to treat them, because immune reactions in pregnant women are stopped taking into account the trimester, so as not to cause dangerous consequences to the expectant mother and fetus.
One of the features of the female body during pregnancy is a decrease in immune defense. Impaired immune function contributes to the risk of allergies, which develop in 30% of expectant mothers, so the pathology must be treated to avoid the risk of abnormalities.

Causes of allergies during pregnancy

Most expectant mothers already have an idea about allergies, being allergic from the start, so during pregnancy it is important to simply protect yourself and be wary of allergic reactions so as not to treat them later. But for some women, pregnancy serves as a kind of catalyst that accelerates and complicates the allergy process.

The ability of a pregnant woman’s immune system to resist internal and external foreign agents works in double volume, so a girl in an “interesting” position who is prone to allergies should be wary of the following types of antigens:

• dust mites;
• pollen grains of plants with a high concentration of allergens;
• waste products of domestic animals;
• medications;
• highly allergenic foods, foods with a high GMO content;
• cosmetic composition;
• exposure to low temperatures;
• ultra-violet rays.

Experts distinguish a number of factors that negatively affect allergy sufferers:

• stress conditions, depressive disorders;
• decreased immunity;
• frequent use of medications without medical indications;
• interaction with household chemicals;
• neglect of advice regarding healthy eating;
• bad environmental situation.

Allergies in pregnant women treatment

Prevention

Doctors explain skin rashes in pregnant women as hormonal imbalances. Specifically, the amount of estrogen produced decreases while progesterone production increases.

Before pregnancy, estrogen protects the skin from dryness and bacteria. In order to prevent your face from developing allergies, you need to keep it clean, protect yourself from direct exposure to ultraviolet rays, and also lead only a healthy lifestyle and eat right.

Cosmetics and cleansers greatly affect the condition of the face. During pregnancy, it is better to keep makeup to a minimum, use only high-quality hypoallergenic products, and wash with gentle foam or baby liquid soap.

Types of allergic reactions during pregnancy

Allergies during pregnancy are classified into:

1. Allergic rhinitis - many have heard of the concept of “toxicosis of pregnancy”. A runny nose is a common “companion” of a woman during pregnancy. The allergy is manifested by symptoms such as: discharge of clear mucus from the nose, a feeling of nasal congestion, bouts of sneezing, severe itching of the mucous membranes. A runny nose is noticed during seasonal allergies, during inhalation of dust, and contact with pets. To get rid of unpleasant sensations, the pathology must be treated;
2. Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, characterized by photophobia, lacrimation, and redness of the eyeball. Conjunctivitis is usually accompanied by rhinitis, so the symptoms of a runny nose are added to the above symptoms, so it is necessary to treat not only eye symptoms, but also nasal ones;
3. Nettle rash is a type of dermatosis that resembles a nettle burn and appears on a certain area of ​​the skin due to contact allergies, that is, where there was contact with an irritating factor. The skin becomes unbearably itchy, red and swollen;
4. Angioedema is a giant urticaria, a rapid-type allergy in which the mucous membranes and skin swell. A complication of Quincke's edema is anaphylaxis, manifested by asphyxia and hemodynamic disturbances, therefore, at the first signs of allergy, you should call an ambulance and treat the pathology. Sometimes during angioedema, joint pain is felt or mobility is limited. It happens that during pregnancy the digestive tract suffers, that is, a woman feels pain in the peritoneum and difficulties with bowel movements. In this case, it is advisable to treat not only allergies, but also consult a gastroenterologist.

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Limiting contact with allergens during pregnancy

Approved drops for the treatment of allergies in pregnant women

The question immediately arises, what nasal drops can be used for pregnant women. During pregnancy, drops based on saline solutions are completely approved for use. The concentration of salts in the solution of these drops completely matches the composition of the salt with human blood, which allows them to safely rinse, moisturize and cleanse the nasal mucosa. Moreover, there is no difference in the composition of the solution, be it real “sea” water or a solution with a salt concentration.

There are many names for such drops, here are the main ones:

• Aqualor drops;

• Aqua Maris;

• Huemer et al.

I would like to pay special attention to Aqualor

, about which many people leave good reviews. It consists of an isotonic solution of sea water. Since human blood is also an isotonic solution, when using Aqualor there will be no unpleasant sensations, such as swelling and irritation of the mucous membrane. Drops must be instilled. Doctors agree that pregnant women are not advised to rinse the nasal mucosa, as this procedure can lead to otitis media. Analogues of Aqualor are constantly appearing in pharmacies; they are not particularly different, except for the pricing policy; the differences in the effectiveness and action of these drops are practically not noticeable. These drops cleanse the mucous membrane well of allergens, help thin sputum, remove mucus and are an important component in the complex treatment of allergies.

I would like to note that if there is severe nasal congestion, you will have to use hormonal drops. They are able to provide a long-term anti-inflammatory effect and the effect lasts for days. Some pregnant women are worried that the drops contain hormonal components and can negatively affect the development of the fetus and the body of the expectant mother. But it should be noted that these drops act only in the nasal mucosa, and they do not have a reaction on the body as a whole. At the moment, such drops are considered the most reliable. There are many of them in pharmacies, but here are the main ones: Dezrinit, Avamis, Aldecin, Beconase

.
Unfortunately, in case of acute viral or bacterial infection, their effect is not as powerful as that of other drops. In this case, drops come to the rescue, which can only be used with the permission of a doctor. The substances included in such medications can destroy the blood supply to the fetus, therefore, throughout their use, the pregnant woman should be under the supervision of doctors. Here are some of them: Naphthyzin, Farmazolin, Xylometazoline, Nazol Baby
and others.

Consequences of allergies for the fetus

During pregnancy, a woman involuntarily listens to her health status and worries about her unborn baby. If, in the absence of pregnancy, there are no difficulties in choosing antiallergic drugs, then now the question is whether the medication will harm the unborn child, how and how to treat allergies in order to avoid complications.

Important! Before taking an antihistamine during pregnancy, the patient must consult with her doctor. The allergy itself does not harm the baby: the placental barrier protects the fetus from pests. But the born child may have negative consequences, because it is known that if at least one parent is susceptible to allergies, the baby will inherit the pathology and the baby will have to be treated long and diligently.

Allergies are not always passed on to the baby from the parents. The table shows examples of the effect of allergies on the fetus by trimester.

Remember! Self-medication of allergies during pregnancy is fraught with pathological processes during the formation of organ systems. Most medications are not allowed for use during pregnancy, contributing to the appearance of malformations of the central nervous system, circulatory system and other pathological conditions. Taking illegal medications may worsen uteroplacental blood flow, which can lead to oxygen starvation of the fetus. This means that allergies cannot be treated without consulting a specialist.

In addition to the unborn baby, allergies cause negative immune responses in women. Thus, a common runny nose can be complicated by bronchial asthma or Quincke's edema, which contributes to breathing problems and a lack of oxygen in the child, which is why oxygen starvation is likely.

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The fetus is interconnected with the condition of the mother, so a runny nose, cough, and itching negatively affect not only the pregnant woman, but also the unborn child. Therefore, allergies should be treated rather than waiting for them to disappear on their own.

Allergies in pregnant women: impact on the fetus

Why does the disease occur?

Changes in hormonal levels during pregnancy are just one of the possible causes of the reaction characteristic of the first trimester. Otherwise, it is called an allergy to the fetus - the body weakens its protective functions so as not to reject the child. Reduced immunity, accordingly, contributes to various ailments.

Skin allergies can manifest as itching and rashes for other reasons. For example, upon contact with household chemicals, cosmetics, etc. Doctors advise that from the 28th week you should be wary when using detergents and powders, and also, if possible, avoid or minimize the use of potentially dangerous food allergens. For example, citrus fruits, honey, red berries and fruits, exotic sweets, etc. There is no need to go on a strict diet - the baby must receive adequate nutrition for his body to develop.

Manifestation of allergy symptoms during pregnancy

Statistics say that allergies appear in most women during pregnancy: the reason for this is a weakened immune system that works “for two.” In this case, it is important for a pregnant woman to know how and how to treat allergies.

It is known that many factors contribute to the development of allergies, so the main thing is to prevent the disease in time, rather than diligently treat the pathology and worry about the baby’s health due to taking medications.

Allergy symptoms during pregnancy

If allergic symptoms appear during pregnancy, you must:

• visit an allergist-immunologist - if symptoms occur, it is necessary to establish the cause of the allergy. For this, the patient is prescribed types of diagnostics: prick tests and blood testing for sensitivity to foreign proteins;
• start treating the pathology in a timely manner - many medications are not intended for use during pregnancy, so allergies should only be treated by a specialist, because he knows which medications will not harm the fetus;
• stop interacting with antigens;
• refrain from consuming food with high concentrations of allergens;
• give preference to organic cosmetics;
• prevent contact with allergens.

Hives during pregnancy

Which drops should not be used?

Pinosol drops with essential oils

During pregnancy, you should not use hormonal drugs, as they can disrupt hormonal levels and seriously harm the fetus. In addition, it is undesirable to use vasoconstrictors. They are safe in small doses, but there are risks, since their action can reduce the supply of oxygen and nutrients through the placenta due to a decrease in the lumen of blood vessels.

Any vasoconstrictors, even those not related to nasal drops, should be used only as directed by a doctor. In this case, the expected benefits and possible risks to the fetus are assessed. Most often, the risk outweighs the benefit, so their prescription occurs in very rare cases. Avoid the following ingredients: oxymetazoline, ephedrine, phenylephrine, naphazoline.

Precautionary measures

Carefully read the instructions for use, side effects and special instructions for use. A number of drugs cannot be used from the first trimester of pregnancy until the end of the lactation period. Never trust the advice of friends or acquaintances, be sure to consult a doctor.

You may have to undergo a series of tests to determine the source of the allergy and exclude contact with it. This is the main condition for successful treatment of allergies.

Be sure to exclude from your diet those foods that can trigger allergies: chocolate, citrus fruits, nuts, fish, milk. In addition, it is not recommended to eat salty and fried foods; it is better to avoid spicy and confectionery products. All this can negatively affect the course of pregnancy and provoke allergies.

Ventilate the room regularly and do wet cleaning daily. This will help minimize the impact of dust and pollen on the body and avoid allergic rhinitis. Rinse your eyes and nose often, wash your face and hands after every time you go outside. The disease is easier to prevent than to cure, especially during pregnancy.

Source: allergiyainfo.ru

How to treat allergies

To avoid having to treat allergies, a pregnant woman must take precautions: carefully use household chemicals, avoid interaction with allergenic substances, and avoid stressful situations.

Note! Often depressive and stressful situations provoke allergies, resulting in various types of dermatoses.

If it is not possible to avoid allergies with the help of prevention, you need to visit a doctor who, after conducting a comprehensive diagnosis and finding out the root cause, will begin to treat the disease depending on individual characteristics.

Most often, allergies develop in the first trimester, when treating the pathology is fraught with negative consequences for the fetus. Then it is advisable to refrain from contact with allergens, and if this is not possible, for example, during the flowering season of plants, it is recommended to go outside as little as possible, and if this cannot be avoided, put on a protective mask, sunglasses, and upon returning home, thoroughly wash your hands and rinse your mucous membranes on the face.

Medicines that pregnant women can take for allergies

How to treat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

To cope with the symptoms of a stuffy nose, sneezing, tearing, swelling, it is best for expectant mothers to use preparations based on sea water. Aquamaris, Dolphin, Aqualor wash the nasal cavity and help breathing without harming the fetus.

In addition to the above medications, drops and sprays treat allergies during pregnancy:

• Pinosol - drops with eucalyptus and mint extract;
• Prevalin - spray destroys antigens;
• Salin - drops with sodium chloride.

Inflammation of the ocular conjunctiva helps to treat Innox by promoting therapy with natural ingredients.

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Allergy medications during pregnancy

How to treat allergic dermatosis with itching and peeling

Skin rashes during pregnancy are treated with ointments and creams. The most harmless and effective antiallergic drugs for various dermatoses of allergic etiology are zinc paste and the analogue Tsindol, created on the basis of zinc oxide.

Ointments and creams with chamomile, calendula, celandine and other medicinal herbs, which are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, are in great demand during pregnancy.

For allergies manifested in the form of atopic dermatitis, Physiogel is recommended. The product moisturizes and regenerates the skin.

Allergy ointment during pregnancy

How to treat food and drug allergies

The first step is to remove allergens from the body; Enterosgel and Lactofiltrum will help with this. Typically, this type of allergy is manifested by hives and other skin rashes, so in addition to cleansing the body, dermatoses are treated with creams, gels and ointments.

Enterosgel for allergen removal during pregnancy

A variety of drops for pregnant women

What eye drops can be taken for allergies, in what dosage and frequency is determined by an ophthalmologist. Several types of anti-allergen drops are available commercially:

• with antimicrobial action;
• from inflammation due to allergies;
• moisturizing mucous membranes;
• directly antiallergic.

Antimicrobial drops are aimed against infections on the cornea of ​​the eyes. The action of anti-inflammatory drops is aimed at combating the inflammatory process. Moisturizing drops that can be used without consulting a specialist - “Vizin”, “Oftolik”, “Vidisik”, “Hilozar”.

Safe drugs for both the expectant mother and the fetus. Antiallergic drops are aimed at preventing and treating symptoms.

They are considered the most harmless category of drugs, most common for use during pregnancy.

Before the appointment...

How to treat allergies depending on the trimester of pregnancy

If the above prevention methods do not help, the allergist prescribes treatment with antihistamines, taking into account the patient’s medical history.

The possible use of anti-allergy medications is especially dangerous only in the early stages of pregnancy; in the II-III trimesters, the potential risk should not exceed the probable benefit.

Attention! All antiallergic medications used during pregnancy do not guarantee absolute safety of fetal development.

In the table we look at anti-allergy drugs taking into account the trimester.

How to treat allergies during pregnancy using alternative medicine

Traditional healers' remedies against allergies are considered harmless to the fetus during pregnancy. Ointments, infusions, mash, creams, the basis of which are medicinal herbal infusions (chamomile, burdock and others), are easily prepared at home.

You can smear the skin with the products, softening and regenerating the affected areas.

Antiallergic nasal drops

Today, the pharmaceutical market offers a lot of nasal medications. Drops for pregnant women are divided into certain types:

• Containing sea salt extract;
• With organic essential oils of various plants;
• Based on medicinal herbs;
• Drops prepared with your own hands.

There are both completely natural, safe remedies and potentially or very dangerous ones. It can be quite difficult to sort through the assortment on your own. Some knowledge will help you decide whether a particular substance is suitable in a particular case.

Prohibited drugs

There are anti-allergy medications that, when used during gestation, can lead to a critical decrease in fetal weight, hypoxia, or disruption of the formation of internal organs. Some of them are strictly contraindicated for any period of time, for others there are strict restrictions on their prescription. Such drugs include:

• Allertek and Fenkarol are strictly prohibited for use in the first months of pregnancy.
• Pipolfen - has a toxic effect on the fetus, causing its defects or death and is prohibited during the entire gestational period.
• Diphenhydramine - causes increased excitability, which causes tone and increased contractions of the uterus, which is fraught with spontaneous abortion or premature birth;
• Astemizole - by analogy with Pipolfen, has a toxic effect, has a destructive effect on liver function and heart rhythm.
• Fexadin is strictly prohibited for use by pregnant women.
• Terfenadine - negatively affects fetal weight, causing its deficiency.
• Tavegil - inhibits the development of the nervous system and can be used only in extreme cases of threat to the life of the mother, provided that there is no need to choose between the life of the woman and the fetus.

It is important for pregnant women to avoid using not only the listed prohibited allergy medications, but also their analogues. If the accompanying instructions list pregnancy as a contraindication, then such medications should not be used under any circumstances.

Pregnancy and the “disease of Civilization”

From the first days of pregnancy, the female body begins to actively produce the hormone cortisol, which is a natural protective agent against allergies.
Thanks to the changes that occur, the strength of allergic manifestations during the period of bearing a baby is significantly reduced, and the immune system reacts more “loyally” to irritants. However, according to medical indicators, almost a third of expectant mothers suffer from allergies. There are cases when a woman first encounters this problem during pregnancy. By the way, the reaction of the female body to various stimuli is often considered to be the first signs of pregnancy.

But at the same time, for women with allergies for whom this condition is common (for example, seasonal allergies are observed), doctors strongly recommend taking this fact into account when planning pregnancy, since taking medications in the first and third trimesters is extremely undesirable.

However, it also happens that allergies occur regardless of the time of year. It is very difficult to make any predictions about the course of the disease, since each case is individual. Self-medication in this situation is strictly prohibited, therefore, if you have an allergy at the most crucial moment in your life, be sure to discuss the methods of its treatment with a specialist.

The first and last months are especially important during pregnancy. It is during the first and third trimesters that it is dangerous to take any medications, including antiallergic ones.

In the first weeks of pregnancy, a new life is formed, in which vital changes occur every day. In recent months, internal organs and systems are being formed. Any external influence, for example, taking medications, can disrupt the natural development of the process in the child’s body and negatively affect the baby’s health.

Harmful effects on the fetus

As a rule, allergies do not directly affect fetal development. The fetus is protected by the placenta, which does not allow allergens to pass through. And the expectant mother herself influences. Everything happens because this disease brings a lot of inconvenience and discomfort. The woman is constantly nervous and in a state of stress. Coughing attacks and a runny nose prevent you from sleeping well at night. All this affects her general condition and the child as well. Medications are often contraindicated or have side effects during pregnancy, which cannot but affect the fetus.